A live cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting human hepatoma membrane antigens.

Live cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) and fixed cell indirect immunofluorescence (IF) assays were compared to screen mouse hybridomas producing immunoreactive monoclonal antibodies against cell membrane antigens expressed on Ha22T, a human hepatoma cell line. While performing live cell ELISA, two parameters were tested to improve the viability of the target cells. The first parameter was the inclusion of growth medium in the assay buffers, and the second was performing the assay incubations at 37 degrees C in an incubator containing 5% CO2 in the air. Fixed cell IF detected and classified 46% of the hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies reactive with membrane, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, and nuclear antigens of Ha22T cells. Fixed cell IF was able to reveal mixtures of two or more hybridomas growing in the same well secreting antibodies to different cell organelles. The live cell ELISA, on the other hand, identified 12 additional membrane reactive monoclonal antibodies from the hybridoma supernatants that were not reactive by IF. These results disclose that cell fixation procedures used for IF either completely or partially inactivated some of the cell membrane antigens. We, therefore, propose the use of a combination of immunoassays to select the maximum number of hybridomas secreting useful monoclonal antibodies from somatic cell fusions.