Mosaad Youssef Mohamed
Clinical Immunology Unit, Clinical Pathology Department & Mansoura Research Center for Cord Stem Cell (MARC_CSC), Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Transfus Apher Sci. 2014 Dec;51(3):68-82. doi: 10.1016/j.transci.2014.10.016. Epub 2014 Oct 17.
Considerable efforts have been made in recent years in understanding the mechanisms that govern hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) origin, development, differentiation, self-renewal, aging, trafficking, plasticity and transdifferentiation. Hematopoiesis occurs in sequential waves in distinct anatomical locations during development and these shifts in location are accompanied by changes in the functional status of the stem cells and reflect the changing needs of the developing organism. HSCs make a choice of either self-renewal or committing to differentiation. The balance between self-renewal and differentiation is considered to be critical to the maintenance of stem cell numbers. It is still under debate if HSC can rejuvenate infinitely or if they do not possess ''true" self-renewal and undergo replicative senescence such as any other somatic cell. Gene therapy applications that target HSCs offer a great potential for the treatment of hematologic and immunologic diseases. However, the clinical success has been limited by many factors. This review is intended to summarize the recent advances made in the human HSC field, and will review the hematopoietic stem cell from definition through development to clinical applications.
近年来，人们在理解调控造血干细胞（HSC）起源、发育、分化、自我更新、衰老、迁移、可塑性和转分化的机制方面付出了巨大努力。造血过程在发育过程中于不同解剖位置以连续波的形式发生，这些位置的变化伴随着干细胞功能状态的改变，并反映了发育中机体不断变化的需求。造血干细胞要做出自我更新或走向分化的选择。自我更新和分化之间的平衡被认为对维持干细胞数量至关重要。造血干细胞是否能无限期地恢复活力，或者它们是否不具备“真正的”自我更新能力且像任何其他体细胞一样经历复制性衰老，这仍存在争议。针对造血干细胞的基因治疗应用为血液学和免疫性疾病的治疗提供了巨大潜力。然而，临床成功受到许多因素的限制。本综述旨在总结人类造血干细胞领域的最新进展，并将从定义到发育再到临床应用对造血干细胞进行综述。
