Kelso John M
Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Scripps Clinic, 3811 Valley Centre Drive, San Diego, CA 92130, USA.
Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2015 Feb;35(1):221-30. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2014.09.013. Epub 2014 Nov 21.
Most children with a history of penicillin allergy are labeled allergic and denied treatment with penicillin and sometimes other beta-lactam antibiotics. Most of these children never were or are no longer allergic to penicillin. Penicillin skin testing and oral challenge can identify patients who are not currently allergic, allowing them to be treated with penicillin. Children with egg allergy are often denied influenza vaccination, because the vaccine contains a small amount of egg protein. However, recent studies have demonstrated that children with even severe egg allergy can safely receive the vaccine, reducing their risk of the morbidity and mortality associated with influenza.
大多数有青霉素过敏史的儿童被标记为过敏,因此得不到青霉素治疗,有时甚至也无法使用其他β-内酰胺类抗生素。这些儿童中的大多数过去未曾对青霉素过敏,或者现在已不再对青霉素过敏。青霉素皮肤试验和口服激发试验可以识别目前没有过敏反应的患者,使他们能够接受青霉素治疗。对鸡蛋过敏的儿童通常得不到流感疫苗接种,因为该疫苗含有少量鸡蛋蛋白。然而,最近的研究表明,即使是对鸡蛋严重过敏的儿童也可以安全地接种该疫苗,从而降低他们患流感相关发病和死亡的风险。