Stephenson J A, Mayland D M, Kun L E, Etcubanas E, Thompson E I, Gross C W
Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine, Madison.
Laryngoscope. 1989 Jul;99(7 Pt 1):732-5. doi: 10.1288/00005537-198907000-00013.
From 1962 through 1987, four children were diagnosed at our institution with primary germ cell malignancies of the extracranial head and neck regions. Ages of the children ranged from 2 to 44 months. Histologic findings included 2 yolk sac carcinoma (endodermal sinus tumor), 1 malignant teratoma with nephroblastoma (Wilm's tumor), and 1 malignant teratoma with neuroblastoma (primitive neuroectodermal) components. Complete clinical and surgical staging was performed to rule out additional sites of disease. All patients initially underwent either biopsy or, when technically feasible, resection. Three patients received combination chemotherapy and two received irradiation. Three patients died of progressive disease. One patient who had yolk sac carcinoma of the temporomandibular region is alive and free of disease 40 months after therapy. Complete surgical resection is indicated for teratomatous tumors, if technically feasible. The malignant components of these tumors are sensitive to both chemotherapy and irradiation and combined therapy may be beneficial.
1962年至1987年期间，我院诊断出4例颅外头颈部原发性生殖细胞恶性肿瘤患儿。患儿年龄在2至44个月之间。组织学检查结果包括2例卵黄囊癌（内胚窦瘤）、1例伴有肾母细胞瘤（威尔姆斯瘤）的恶性畸胎瘤和1例伴有神经母细胞瘤（原始神经外胚层）成分的恶性畸胎瘤。进行了全面的临床和手术分期以排除其他疾病部位。所有患者最初均接受了活检，或在技术可行时接受了切除术。3例患者接受了联合化疗，2例接受了放疗。3例患者死于疾病进展。1例患有颞下颌区域卵黄囊癌的患者在治疗后40个月仍存活且无疾病。对于畸胎瘤，如果技术可行，应进行完整的手术切除。这些肿瘤的恶性成分对化疗和放疗均敏感，联合治疗可能有益。
