Rosburg Timm, Johansson Mikael, Sprondel Volker, Mecklinger Axel
Department of Psychology, Experimental Neuropsychology Unit, Saarland University, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany.
Department of Psychology, Neuropsychology Division, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
Brain Cogn. 2014 Dec;92C:123-132. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2014.10.011. Epub 2014 Nov 18.
Retrieval orientation refers to a pre-retrieval process and conceptualizes the specific form of processing that is applied to a retrieval cue. In the current event-related potential (ERP) study, we sought to find evidence for an involvement of the auditory cortex when subjects attempt to retrieve vocalized information, and hypothesized that adopting retrieval orientation would be beneficial for retrieval accuracy. During study, participants saw object words that they subsequently vocalized or visually imagined. At test, participants had to identify object names of one study condition as targets and to reject object names of the second condition together with new items. Target category switched after half of the test trials. Behaviorally, participants responded less accurately and more slowly to targets of the vocalize condition than to targets of the imagine condition. ERPs to new items varied at a single left electrode (T7) between 500 and 800ms, indicating a moderate retrieval orientation effect in the subject group as a whole. However, whereas the effect was strongly pronounced in participants with high retrieval accuracy, it was absent in participants with low retrieval accuracy. A current source density (CSD) mapping of the retrieval orientation effect indicated a source over left temporal regions. Independently from retrieval accuracy, the ERP retrieval orientation effect was surprisingly also modulated by test order. Findings are suggestive for an involvement of the auditory cortex in retrieval attempts of vocalized information and confirm that adopting retrieval orientation is potentially beneficial for retrieval accuracy. The effects of test order on retrieval-related processes might reflect a stronger focus on the newness of items in the more difficult test condition when participants started with this condition.
检索定向是指检索前的一个过程，它将应用于检索线索的特定处理形式概念化。在当前的事件相关电位（ERP）研究中，我们试图寻找证据证明当受试者试图检索有声信息时听觉皮层会参与其中，并假设采用检索定向将有利于提高检索准确性。在研究过程中，参与者看到一些物体单词，随后他们要么出声读出，要么在脑海中进行视觉想象。在测试时，参与者必须将一种研究条件下的物体名称识别为目标，并将另一种条件下的物体名称与新出现的项目一起排除。在一半的测试试验后，目标类别会切换。在行为层面上，与想象条件下的目标相比，参与者对出声条件下的目标反应准确性更低、速度更慢。对新项目的ERP在单个左电极（T7）处500至800毫秒之间存在差异，表明在整个受试者群体中存在适度的检索定向效应。然而，虽然这种效应在检索准确性高的参与者中表现强烈，但在检索准确性低的参与者中则不存在。检索定向效应的电流源密度（CSD）图谱显示，其源位于左侧颞叶区域。与检索准确性无关的是，ERP检索定向效应令人惊讶地还受到测试顺序的调节。这些发现表明听觉皮层参与了对有声信息的检索尝试，并证实采用检索定向可能有利于提高检索准确性。测试顺序对与检索相关过程的影响可能反映出，当参与者从较难的测试条件开始时，他们在该更难条件下会更关注项目的新颖性。
