Building Physics and Services, Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Environ Pollut. 2015 Jan;196:176-84. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.10.015.
Flow and dispersion of traffic-emitted pollutants were studied in a generic urban neighborhood for various avenue-tree layouts by employing 3D steady RANS simulations with the realizable k-ε turbulence model. In comparison to the tree-free situation quantitative and qualitative changes with flow reversal in the wind field were observed. Low to moderate increases (<13.2%) in the neighborhood-averaged pollutant concentration were found at pedestrian level. An approximately 1% increase in the neighborhood-averaged concentration was obtained with each percent of the street canyon volumes being occupied by vegetation for occupation fractions between 4 and 14%. The overall pattern of concentration changes relative to the tree-free situation was similar for all avenue-tree layouts. However, pronounced locally restricted decreases or increases in concentration (-87 to +1378%) occurred. The results indicate the necessity to account for existing or planned avenue-trees in neighborhood scaled is dispersion studies. Their consideration is prerequisite for reliable urban air quality assessment.
采用 3D 稳态 RANS 模拟和实现 k-ε 湍流模型，研究了不同林荫道布局下城市街区交通排放污染物的流动和扩散。与无树情况相比，风场中出现了流动反转的定量和定性变化。在行人高度，污染物浓度的低到中度增加（<13.2%）。对于植被占用街道峡谷体积的 4%至 14%的占用分数，每增加 1%的街道峡谷体积，街区平均浓度就会增加约 1%。相对于无树情况，所有林荫道布局的浓度变化总体模式相似。然而，浓度出现了明显的局部限制降低或升高（-87%至+1378%）。结果表明，在进行街区尺度扩散研究时，有必要考虑现有的或计划中的林荫道。林荫道的存在或规划是进行可靠的城市空气质量评估的前提条件。
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