Saleh Jamil, Figueiredo Maria Antonia Zancanaro, Cherubini Karen, Salum Fernanda Gonçalves
Oral Medicine Division, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil.
Oral Medicine Division, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil.
Arch Oral Biol. 2015 Feb;60(2):242-55. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.10.004. Epub 2014 Nov 4.
Saliva is of paramount importance for the maintenance of oral and general homeostasis. Salivary hypofunction predispose patients to disorders such as dysgeusia, pain and burning mouth, caries and other oral infectious diseases, dysphagia and dysphonia. The aim of this study was to provide an update on the aetiology, diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies for the management of hyposalivation and xerostomia. The present paper describes subjective and objective methods for the diagnosis of salivary dysfunctions; moreover a number of drugs, and systemic disorders associated with decreased salivary flow rate are listed. We also focused on the underlying mechanisms to radiotherapy-induced salivary damage. Therapeutics for hyposalivation and xerostomia were discussed and classified as preventive, symptomatic, topical and systemic stimulants, disease-modifying agents, and regenerative. New therapeutic modalities have been studied and involve stem cells transplantation, with special attention to regeneration of damage caused by ionizing radiation to the salivary glands. More studies in this area are needed to provide new perspectives in the treatment of patients with salivary dysfunctions.
唾液对于维持口腔及全身的内环境稳态至关重要。唾液功能减退使患者易患味觉障碍、疼痛和口腔烧灼感、龋齿及其他口腔感染性疾病、吞咽困难和发声障碍等疾病。本研究的目的是提供关于唾液分泌减少和口干症的病因、诊断方法及治疗策略的最新信息。本文描述了唾液功能障碍的主观和客观诊断方法；此外，还列出了一些与唾液流速降低相关的药物和全身性疾病。我们还重点关注了放疗引起唾液损伤的潜在机制。讨论了唾液分泌减少和口干症的治疗方法，并将其分为预防性、对症性、局部和全身性刺激剂、疾病改善剂以及再生性治疗。已经对新的治疗方式进行了研究，包括干细胞移植，尤其关注电离辐射对唾液腺造成的损伤的再生。该领域需要更多研究，以便为唾液功能障碍患者的治疗提供新的视角。
