Tsuchiya Ryoichi, Kuroki Tamotsu, Eguchi Susumu
Surgical Section, Tagami Hospital, Nagaski, Japan; Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan.
Pancreatology. 2015 Jan-Feb;15(1):2-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pan.2014.10.011. Epub 2014 Nov 6.
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The first description of the pancreas in literature is found in Aristotle's Historia Animalium, but it is modified by "so-called". Therefore, the origin is pursued more extensively.
The Greek-English Lexicon recommends three treatises as a possible original source. These three and Galen's other papers are investigated. In 2005, Sachs et al. suggested an origin of the pancreas might have derived from the intestinal divination using the avian pancreas. This report is evaluated.
The avian pancreas which is the intraperitoneal organ, might have been well known by the intestinal divination, and people have called the organ pankreas or kallikreas. Anatomical dissection on human body was not accepted before the Aristotle's time. "So-called pancreas" in Historia must have been interpolated by Theophrastus. He was the most faithful and reliable disciple of Aristotle and succeeded the Aristotle's school. He and Macedonian ruler of Egypt Ptolemy I had known each other and there had been a strong link between them. The contemporary Herophilus performed many public dissections on both human and animal bodies in Alexandria. He named the various parts of the human body and designated the beginning intestine as duodenum. Yet in his extant works, the pancreas is not found. It is surmised that Herophilus may be the first to recognize the human pancreas, which is fixed with retroperitoneal tissue, and he named it "so-called pancreas". Theophrastus might have interpolated Herophilus' designation in Historia Animalium. Galen also uses "so-called pancreas" to designate the human pancreas.
Galen's descriptions, that is, "Nature created 'so-called pancreas 'and spread it beneath all vessels" are not generally acceptable but propose the very rare portal vein anomalies. Since the early years of the 20th century, cases with a preduodenal portal vein or a prepancreatic portal vein have been reported. Although the incidence is very rare, its surgical importance is emphasized.
背景/目的：文献中对胰腺的首次描述见于亚里士多德的《动物志》，但该描述前有“所谓的”字样。因此，对其起源进行了更广泛的探究。
《希英词典》推荐了三篇论文作为可能的原始资料来源。对这三篇论文以及盖伦的其他著作进行了研究。2005年，萨克斯等人提出胰腺的起源可能源于对禽胰腺的肠道占卜。对该报告进行了评估。
禽胰腺是腹膜内器官，可能因肠道占卜而广为人知，人们将该器官称为pankreas或kallikreas。在亚里士多德时代之前，人体解剖并不被接受。《动物志》中“所谓的胰腺”肯定是由泰奥弗拉斯托斯插入的。他是亚里士多德最忠实可靠的弟子，继承了亚里士多德学派。他与埃及的马其顿统治者托勒密一世相识，两人之间有紧密联系。同时代的希罗菲卢斯在亚历山大里亚对人体和动物尸体进行了多次公开解剖。他给人体的各个部位命名，并将十二指肠定为小肠的起始部分。然而，在他现存的著作中，未发现胰腺。据推测，希罗菲卢斯可能是第一个认识到与腹膜后组织固定在一起的人体胰腺的人，他将其命名为“所谓的胰腺”。泰奥弗拉斯托斯可能在《动物志》中插入了希罗菲卢斯的命名。盖伦也用“所谓的胰腺”来指代人体胰腺。
盖伦的描述，即“自然创造了‘所谓的胰腺’并将其分布在所有血管下方”，一般不被接受，但提出了极为罕见的门静脉异常情况。自20世纪初以来，已有十二指肠前门静脉或胰腺前门静脉病例的报告。尽管发病率极低，但强调了其手术重要性。
