Montironi Rodolfo, Santoni Matteo, Lopez-Beltran Antonio, Cheng Liang, Moch Holger, Scarpelli Marina
Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Via Conca 71, I-60126 Torrette, Ancona, Italy.
Curr Drug Targets. 2015;16(2):96-102. doi: 10.2174/1389450115666141202113805.
This contribution gives an overview of recent insights and emerging strategies for individualized therapeutic approaches based on genomic and cancer molecular profiles in patients with a morphological diagnosis of renal, bladder and prostate tumors. Significant advances have been made in molecular biology technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and whole-exome sequencing. The rise of such novel techniques has increased our knowledge on tumor cell biology and cancer development, thus allowing us to identify complex genomic abnormalities. These findings have paved the way to provide healthcare from an individual perspective. An emerging strategy to individualize therapeutic interventions is focused on stem cells. Because of their unique characteristics, they are among the most promising candidates as potential vectors carrying suicide genes into different types of cancer, including genitourinary tumors. Another emerging strategy could be based on prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a unique membrane-bound glycoprotein, which is overexpressed manifold in prostate cancer. PSMA can serve as target for delivering therapeutic agents such as cytotoxins or radionuclides.
本论文综述了近期基于形态学诊断为肾、膀胱和前列腺肿瘤患者的基因组及癌症分子特征的个体化治疗方法的见解和新兴策略。分子生物学技术取得了重大进展，如下一代测序和全外显子组测序。这些新技术的兴起增加了我们对肿瘤细胞生物学和癌症发展的认识，从而使我们能够识别复杂的基因组异常。这些发现为从个体角度提供医疗保健铺平了道路。一种新兴的个体化治疗干预策略聚焦于干细胞。由于其独特的特性，它们是将自杀基因导入不同类型癌症（包括泌尿生殖系统肿瘤）的最有希望的潜在载体之一。另一种新兴策略可能基于前列腺特异性膜抗原（PSMA），一种独特的膜结合糖蛋白，其在前列腺癌中大量过表达。PSMA可作为递送细胞毒素或放射性核素等治疗剂的靶点。
