[Phylogeography and origin of freshwater Populations of tubenose gobies of genus Proterorhinus (Gobiidae: Pisces) in Ponto-Caspian Basin].

Representatives of the genus Proterorhinus (tubenose gobies) from the water bodies of the Ponto-Caspian Basin were examined for sequence polymorphism of the mitochondrial DNA fragment containing the cytochrome b (Cyt-b) gene. A total often haplotypes were discovered, which formed two groups. Thus, the data obtained indicated the existence of only two taxonomically valid phylogenetic lineages, represented by (1) marine and brackish-water populations of the Black Sea and (2) freshwater populations of the whole Ponto-Caspian Basin, along with the brackish-water population of the Caspian Sea. Based on an analysis of the tubenose goby haplotype distribution patterns, the colonization patterns of this group of fishes (phylogeography) in the freshwater drainages of Ponto-Caspian Basin are examined. It was established that the basin of the ancient Caspian Sea was the major donor area for the formation of the freshwater and brackish-water populations. In the Ponto-Caspian Basin, two centers of the tubenose gobies speciation and distribution are distinguished. One of these centers is associated with the modern northwestern part of the Black Sea, and another one is confined to the Caspian Sea. It is suggested that the modern colonization of the Volga River by tubenose goby occurred from the Caspian Sea.