Sans Mónica, Mones Pablo, Figueiro Gonzalo, Barreto Isabel, Motti Josefina M B, Coble Michael D, Bravi Claudio M, Hidalgo Pedro C
Departamento de Antropología Biológica, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Am J Hum Biol. 2015 May-Jun;27(3):407-16. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.22667. Epub 2014 Dec 3.
In 1828, between 8,000 and 15,000 Indians from the Jesuit Missions were brought to Uruguay. There, they were settled in a village, presently named Bella Unión, in the northwest corner of the country. According to historic sources, the Indians abandoned the settlement shortly thereafter, with the village subsequently repopulated by "criollos" and immigrants from abroad. As a first approach to reconstruct the genetic history of the population, data about the living population genetic structure will be used. Based on the analysis of the maternal lineages of the inhabitants of Bella Unión, and of those from two nearby villages, we expect to partially answer what happened with the first and subsequent inhabitants.
We analyzed the maternal lineages of the present inhabitants of Bella Unión and neighboring localities through the sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA control region.
A total of 64.3%, 5.7%, and 30% of the mtDNAs were of Native, African, and West Eurasian origin, respectively. These figures are quite similar to that of the population of Tacuarembó, which is located in northeastern Uruguay. The four main Native American founding haplogroups were detected, with B2 being the most frequent, while some rare subhaplogroups (B2h, C1b2, D1f1) were also found. When compared with other Native American sequences, near- matches most consistently pointed to an Amazonian Indian origin which, when considered with historical evidence, suggested a probable Guaraní-Missionary-related origin.
The data support the existence of a relationship between the historic and present inhabitants of the extreme northwest Uruguay, with a strong contribution of Native Americans to the mitochondrial DNA diversity observed there.
1828年，8000至15000名来自耶稣会传教区的印第安人被带到乌拉圭。在那里，他们被安置在该国西北角一个现今名为贝拉联盟的村庄。根据历史资料，印第安人此后不久便离开了该定居点，随后该村庄由“克里奥尔人”和外国移民重新居住。作为重建该人群遗传历史的第一步，将使用有关现有人群遗传结构的数据。基于对贝拉联盟居民以及附近两个村庄居民的母系谱系分析，我们期望能部分回答第一批及后续居民的情况。
我们通过对线粒体DNA控制区进行测序，分析了贝拉联盟及周边地区现居民的母系谱系。
总共64.3%、5.7%和30%的线粒体DNA分别来自美洲原住民、非洲人和西欧亚人。这些数字与位于乌拉圭东北部的塔夸伦博的人群非常相似。检测到了四个主要的美洲原住民奠基单倍群，其中B2最为常见，同时还发现了一些罕见的亚单倍群（B2h、C1b2、D1f1）。与其他美洲原住民序列相比，最接近的匹配结果一致指向亚马逊印第安人起源，结合历史证据来看，这表明可能与瓜拉尼传教士有关。
数据支持乌拉圭最西北部历史居民与现居民之间存在关联这一观点，美洲原住民对当地观察到的线粒体DNA多样性有很大贡献。
