Maldonado-Siman E, Bernal-Alcántara R, Cadena-Meneses J A, Altamirano-Cárdenas J R, Martinez-Hernández P A
Departamento de Zootecnia, Sociales y Tecnológicas de la Agroindustría y la Agricultura Mundial, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Km 38.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Texcoco, Estado de México.
Centro de Investigaciones Económicas, Sociales y Tecnológicas de la Agroindustría y la Agricultura Mundial, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Km 38.5 Carretera México-Texcoco, Texcoco, Estado de México.
J Food Prot. 2014 Dec;77(12):2148-52. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-14-003.
Requirements of hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) are becoming essential for international trade in food commodities as a safety assurance component. This research reports the level of the adoption of ISO 9000 and the HACCP system by Federal Inspection Type (TIF) pork-exporting enterprises. Implementation and operating costs are reported as well as the benefits involved in this food industry process. In Mexico, there are 97 companies classified as TIF enterprises, and 22 are registered as exporters of processed pork with the National Services for Safety and Quality and Animal Health of the Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food. Surveys were administered to 22 companies, with a 95.2% response rate. Enterprise characteristics were evaluated, as well as their operating activities. Fieldwork consisted of administering structured questionnaires to TIF exporters. All the surveyed enterprises had implemented HACCP, whereas the ISO 9000 regulation was applied in only 30%. Of total production, 75% is exported to 13 countries, and 25% goes to the Mexican market niche. Results indicate that the main factors for adopting HACCP are related to accessibility to international markets, improving quality, and reducing product quality audits by customers. The results also indicated that staff training was the most important issue. Microbiological testing was the highest cost of the operation. The main benefits reported were related to better access to international markets and a considerable reduction in microbial counts. This study shows the willingness of Mexican pork processors to implement food safety protocols for producing safe and quality products to compete in the international food trade.
作为食品安全保障的一部分，危害分析与关键控制点（HACCP）的要求对于食品国际贸易正变得至关重要。本研究报告了联邦检验类型（TIF）猪肉出口企业采用ISO 9000和HACCP体系的程度。报告了实施和运营成本以及该食品行业流程所涉及的收益。在墨西哥，有97家公司被归类为TIF企业，其中22家在农业、畜牧业、农村发展、渔业和食品秘书处的国家安全与质量及动物卫生服务局注册为加工猪肉出口商。对22家公司进行了调查，回复率为95.2%。评估了企业特征及其运营活动。实地工作包括向TIF出口商发放结构化问卷。所有接受调查的企业都实施了HACCP，而只有30%的企业采用了ISO 9000标准。总产量的75%出口到13个国家，25%进入墨西哥市场细分领域。结果表明，采用HACCP的主要因素与进入国际市场的便利性、提高质量以及减少客户的产品质量审核有关。结果还表明，员工培训是最重要的问题。微生物检测是运营中成本最高的部分。报告的主要好处与更好地进入国际市场以及微生物数量的大幅减少有关。这项研究表明，墨西哥猪肉加工企业愿意实施食品安全协议，以生产安全优质的产品，在国际食品贸易中竞争。
