Oguisso T, de Freitas G F
School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Int Nurs Rev. 2015 Mar;62(1):75-81. doi: 10.1111/inr.12154. Epub 2014 Dec 4.
This study describes the route followed by nursing in Brazil, through the foundation of nursing organizations and the emergence of nursing leaders and pioneers.
To present the origins of modern nursing in Brazil, identifying the main nurse-leaders and analysing their performance for the creation and consolidation of the nursing organizations.
It is a historical and social study with descriptive approach, to describe the process of Brazilian nursing professionalization and leadership through a literature review.
The oldest nursing organization is the Brazilian Nursing Association that holds scientific and cultural activities. There are also nurses' unions and nursing specialty associations, such as the Brazilian Academy for the History of Nursing, and the Federal Nursing Council. The latter has compulsory membership for controlling nursing services according to the qualifications of the personnel. The very first school for nurses in the Nightingale system was created in São Paulo, 1894, at the Samaritan Hospital, and by the government in 1923, in Rio de Janeiro, for which American nurses, led by Ethel Parsons, sponsored by the Rockefeller Foundation, were essential for the creation of the Anna Nery Nursing School, still in operation within a federal university. Some nurses pioneered these works such as Edith Fraenkel, Maria Rosa Pinheiro, Amalia Carvalho and others.
The work done by nursing leaders has brought to the profession a better status and made it more recognized by the society.
本研究描述了巴西护理事业的发展历程，包括护理组织的建立以及护理领导者和先驱者的涌现。
介绍巴西现代护理的起源，确定主要的护理领导者，并分析他们在创建和巩固护理组织方面的表现。
这是一项采用描述性方法的历史和社会研究，通过文献综述来描述巴西护理专业化和领导力的过程。
最古老的护理组织是巴西护理协会，该协会举办科学和文化活动。此外，还有护士工会和护理专业协会，如巴西护理历史学会和联邦护理委员会。后者拥有强制会员资格，以便根据人员资质对护理服务进行监管。1894年，在圣保罗的撒玛利亚医院创建了南丁格尔体系下的第一所护士学校，1923年，政府在里约热内卢也创建了一所护士学校，由埃塞尔·帕森斯带领的美国护士在洛克菲勒基金会的资助下，对创建仍在一所联邦大学内运营的安娜·内里护士学校起到了关键作用。一些护士开创了这些工作，如伊迪丝·弗伦克尔、玛丽亚·罗莎·皮涅罗、阿马利亚·卡瓦略等人。
护理领导者所做的工作为该职业带来了更高的地位，并使其更受社会认可。
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