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残疾的无形性:运用舞蹈从生物伦理学中撼动“残缺身体”的观念

The Invisibility of Disability: Using Dance to Shake from Bioethics the Idea of 'Broken Bodies'.

作者信息

Harmon Shawn H E

出版信息

Bioethics. 2015 Sep;29(7):488-98. doi: 10.1111/bioe.12139. Epub 2014 Dec 5.

Abstract

Complex social and ethical problems are often most effectively solved by engaging them at the messy and uncomfortable intersections of disciplines and practices, a notion that grounds the InVisible Difference project, which seeks to extend thinking and alter practice around the making, status, ownership, and value of work by contemporary dance choreographers by examining choreographic work through the lenses of law, bioethics, dance scholarship, and the practice of dance by differently-abled dancers. This article offers a critical thesis on how bioethics has come to occupy a marginal and marginalizing role in questions about the differently-abled body. In doing so, it has rendered the disabled community largely invisible to and in bioethics. It then defends the claim that bioethics - as a social undertaking pursued collaboratively by individuals from different disciplines - must take much better notice of the body and the embodied individual if it is to better achieve its ends, which include constructing a moral and just society. Finally, this article considers how the arts, and specifically dance (and here dance by differently-abled dancers), provides us with rich evidence about the body and our ability to respond positively to normally 'othered' bodies. It concludes that greater attention to empirical evidence like that being generated in InVisible Difference will help to expand the reach and significance of bioethics, and thereby its relevance to (and consciousness of) important questions about the status of bodies and bodily differences, which must be considered as central to its ambitions.

摘要

复杂的社会和伦理问题往往在学科与实践的混乱且令人不适的交叉点上得到最有效的解决,这一理念构成了“无形差异”项目的基础。该项目旨在通过从法律、生物伦理学、舞蹈学术以及残障舞者的舞蹈实践等视角审视编舞作品,来拓展关于当代舞蹈编舞家作品的创作、地位、所有权和价值的思考并改变相关实践。本文提出了一个批判性论点,探讨生物伦理学在有关残障身体的问题上如何逐渐占据边缘且边缘化的角色。在此过程中,它在很大程度上使残障群体在生物伦理学中变得隐形且被忽视。接着,文章捍卫了这样一种观点:生物伦理学作为一项由不同学科的个体共同开展的社会事业,若要更好地实现其目标,包括构建一个道德且公正的社会,就必须更加关注身体及具身个体。最后,本文思考了艺术,尤其是舞蹈(此处指残障舞者的舞蹈)如何为我们提供了关于身体以及我们对通常被“他者化”的身体做出积极回应能力的丰富证据。文章得出结论,更多地关注像“无形差异”项目中所产生的实证证据,将有助于拓展生物伦理学的范围和重要性,从而增强其与关于身体地位和身体差异的重要问题的相关性(以及对这些问题的意识),而这些问题必须被视为生物伦理学目标的核心。

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