Edwards Katie M
Department of Psychology and Women's Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2015 Jul;16(3):359-73. doi: 10.1177/1524838014557289. Epub 2014 Dec 4.
The author of this article presents a review of the published empirical and theoretical literature to date on similarities and differences in intimate partner violence (IPV) in rural locales compared to urban and suburban locales. A review of 63 studies indicates that (1) the rates of IPV are generally similar across rural, urban, and suburban locales, although some groups of rural women (e.g., multiracial and separated/divorced) may be at increased risk for IPV compared to similar groups of urban women, and rates of intimate partner homicide may be higher in rural locales than urban and suburban locales; (2) IPV perpetrator and victim characteristics in rural locales are generally similar to IPV perpetrator and victim characteristics in other locales with the exception of some demographic characteristics that can generally be accounted for by broader rural-urban-suburban demographic differences; (3) IPV perpetrators in rural locales, compared with perpetrators in urban locales, may perpetrate more chronic and severe IPV, which could be due to the higher rates of substance abuse and unemployment documented among rural perpetrators; (4) IPV victims in rural locales may have worse psychosocial and physical health outcomes due to the lack of availability, accessibility, and quality of IPV services; and (5) attitudes about IPV vary to some extent across locales, with individuals in rural locales generally supporting less governmental involvement in IPV issues than in urban locales. Limitations of the literature are reviewed and suggestions for research are provided as well as implications for practice and policy efforts, which primarily center on improving availability, accessibility, and quality of IPV services in rural locales.
本文作者对已发表的实证和理论文献进行了综述，内容涉及农村地区与城市及郊区相比，亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的异同。对63项研究的综述表明：（1）农村、城市和郊区的IPV发生率总体相似，不过与城市女性中的类似群体相比，一些农村女性群体（如多种族和分居/离异女性）遭受IPV的风险可能更高，而且农村地区亲密伴侣杀人案的发生率可能高于城市和郊区；（2）农村地区IPV施暴者和受害者的特征总体上与其他地区相似，但一些人口统计学特征通常可由城乡和郊区更广泛的人口差异来解释；（3）与城市地区的施暴者相比，农村地区的IPV施暴者可能实施更长期、更严重的IPV，这可能是由于农村施暴者中记录的药物滥用和失业率较高；（4）由于IPV服务的可获得性、可及性和质量不足，农村地区的IPV受害者可能有更差的心理社会和身体健康结果；（5）不同地区对IPV的态度在一定程度上有所不同，农村地区的个人通常比城市地区的个人更不支持政府介入IPV问题。文中回顾了文献的局限性，并提供了研究建议以及对实践和政策努力的启示，这些主要集中在提高农村地区IPV服务的可获得性、可及性和质量上。
