Kooyman Robert M, Wilf Peter, Barreda Viviana D, Carpenter Raymond J, Jordan Gregory J, Sniderman J M Kale, Allen Andrew, Brodribb Timothy J, Crayn Darren, Feild Taylor S, Laffan Shawn W, Lusk Christopher H, Rossetto Maurizio, Weston Peter H
Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde 2113, Sydney, Australia National Herbarium of NSW, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney 2000, Australia.
Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Am J Bot. 2014 Dec;101(12):2121-35. doi: 10.3732/ajb.1400340. Epub 2014 Nov 21.
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Have Gondwanan rainforest floral associations survived? Where do they occur today? Have they survived continuously in particular locations? How significant is their living floristic signal? We revisit these classic questions in light of significant recent increases in relevant paleobotanical data.•
We traced the extinction and persistence of lineages and associations through the past across four now separated regions-Australia, New Zealand, Patagonia, and Antarctica-using fossil occurrence data from 63 well-dated Gondwanan rainforest sites and 396 constituent taxa. Fossil sites were allocated to four age groups: Cretaceous, Paleocene-Eocene, Neogene plus Oligocene, and Pleistocene. We compared the modern and ancient distributions of lineages represented in the fossil record to see if dissimilarity increased with time. We quantified similarity-dissimilarity of composition and taxonomic structure among fossil assemblages, and between fossil and modern assemblages.•
Strong similarities between ancient Patagonia and Australia confirmed shared Gondwanan rainforest history, but more of the lineages persisted in Australia. Samples of ancient Australia grouped with the extant floras of Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Fiji, and Mt. Kinabalu. Decreasing similarity through time among the regional floras of Antarctica, Patagonia, New Zealand, and southern Australia reflects multiple extinction events.•
Gondwanan rainforest lineages contribute significantly to modern rainforest community assembly and often co-occur in widely separated assemblages far from their early fossil records. Understanding how and where lineages from ancient Gondwanan assemblages co-occur today has implications for the conservation of global rainforest vegetation, including in the Old World tropics.
研究前提：冈瓦纳雨林植物群落关联是否留存下来了？它们如今分布在哪里？它们是否在特定地点持续留存？其现存植物区系信号有多显著？鉴于近期相关古植物学数据大幅增加，我们重新审视这些经典问题。
方法：我们利用来自63个年代测定良好的冈瓦纳雨林遗址的化石出现数据以及396个组成分类群，追溯过去四个现已分隔的地区——澳大利亚、新西兰、巴塔哥尼亚和南极洲——谱系和群落关联的灭绝与存续情况。化石遗址被划分为四个年龄组：白垩纪、古新世 - 始新世、新近纪加渐新世以及更新世。我们比较了化石记录中所代表谱系的现代和古代分布，以查看差异是否随时间增加。我们对化石组合之间以及化石与现代组合之间的组成和分类结构的相似性 - 差异性进行了量化。
主要结果：古代巴塔哥尼亚和澳大利亚之间的强烈相似性证实了冈瓦纳雨林历史的共享，但更多的谱系在澳大利亚留存了下来。古代澳大利亚的样本与澳大利亚、新几内亚、新喀里多尼亚、斐济和基纳巴卢山的现存植物区系归为一类。南极洲、巴塔哥尼亚、新西兰和澳大利亚南部地区植物区系之间随时间推移相似度的降低反映了多次灭绝事件。
结论：冈瓦纳雨林谱系对现代雨林群落组装有重大贡献，并且常常在远离其早期化石记录的广泛分隔的组合中共存。了解古代冈瓦纳组合中的谱系如今如何以及在何处共存，对包括旧世界热带地区在内的全球雨林植被保护具有重要意义。
