College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China; Animal Health Supervision Institute of Heilongjiang Province, 243 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, PR China.
Animal Health Supervision Institute of Heilongjiang Province, 243 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150069, PR China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2015 Mar;113:52-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.11.027. Epub 2014 Dec 5.
Under normal conditions, autophagy occurs at basal levels but can be induced rapidly in response to stress conditions and extracellular signals. Increasing experimental evidence indicates that the expression of autophagy-related genes play very important roles in toxicology. Atrazine (ATR) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) are the most common agrochemical in the freshwater ecosystems of the world. This study assessed the effects of ATR, CPF and combined ATR/CPF exposure on the liver of common carp. Carp were sampled after a 40-d exposure to ATR and CPF, individually or in combination, followed by a 40-d recovery to measure the mRNA and protein levels of autophagy-related genes in the liver. In addition, we also investigated the change in ultrastructure in the liver. The results revealed that the mRNA and protein levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 B (LC3B) and dynein were significantly induced in the treated groups compared to the solvent control group. Transmission electron microscope assays indicated that autolysosomes were observed in the exposure and recovery groups. These results indicated that ATR and CPF could induce autophagy in carp liver. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to study the autophagy effects caused by sub-chronic exposure to ATR, CPF and the ATR/CPF combination in common carp. The information presented in the present study may provide new insights into the mechanisms used by fish to adapt to stressful environments.
在正常情况下，自噬以基础水平发生，但可以迅速响应应激条件和细胞外信号而诱导。越来越多的实验证据表明，自噬相关基因的表达在毒理学中起着非常重要的作用。阿特拉津（ATR）和毒死蜱（CPF）是世界淡水生态系统中最常见的农用化学品。本研究评估了 ATR、CPF 单独或联合暴露对鲤鱼肝脏的影响。鲤鱼在单独或联合暴露于 ATR 和 CPF 40 天后取样，然后进行 40 天的恢复，以测量肝脏中自噬相关基因的 mRNA 和蛋白水平。此外，我们还研究了肝脏超微结构的变化。结果表明，与溶剂对照组相比，处理组的微管相关蛋白 1 轻链 3B（LC3B）和动力蛋白的 mRNA 和蛋白水平显著升高。透射电子显微镜检测表明，暴露和恢复组中观察到自噬溶酶体。这些结果表明，ATR 和 CPF 可以诱导鲤鱼肝脏中的自噬。据我们所知，这是首次报道研究亚慢性暴露于 ATR、CPF 和 ATR/CPF 混合物对鲤鱼肝脏自噬的影响。本研究提供的信息可能为鱼类适应胁迫环境的机制提供新的见解。
