Chen Dechun, Zhang Ziwei, Yao Haidong, Liang Yang, Xing Houjuan, Xu Shiwen
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China; Department of Biological Engineering, Jilin Engineering Vocational College, 1299 Changfa Road, Siping 136001, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, PR China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2015 May;44(1):12-20. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.01.014. Epub 2015 Jan 31.
Atrazine (ATR) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) are the most common agrochemical in the freshwater ecosystems of the world. This study assessed the effects of ATR (4.28, 42.8 and 428 μg/L), CPF (1.16, 11.6 and 116 μg/L) and combined ATR/CPF (1.13, 11.3 and 113 μg/L) on common carp head kidneys and spleens following 40 d exposure and 40 d recovery treatments. Nitric oxide (NO) content, activities of anti hydroxyl radical (AHR), anti superoxide anion (ASA), peroxidase (POD) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the mRNA levels of the autophagy genes (LC3-II, dynein, TOR) were determined. The results indicate that the antioxidant enzyme (AHR, ASA, POD and iNOS) activities and NO content in the head kidney and spleen of the common carp increased significantly after a 40 d exposure to ATR and CPF alone or in combination. The mRNA levels of LC3-II and dynein in common carp increased significantly after exposure to ATR and CPF alone, or in combination. Moreover, the mRNA levels of LC3-II and dynein decreased significantly after a 40-d recovery. However, the mRNA levels of TOR gene for all decreased significantly at the end of the exposure and the recovery. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the oxidative stress-induced autophagic effects in the common carp by exposure to ATR, CPF and the ATR/CPF combination. The information presented in the present study may be helpful to understanding the mechanisms of autophagy induced by ATR, CPF and the ATR/CPF combination in fish.
阿特拉津（ATR）和毒死蜱（CPF）是全球淡水生态系统中最常见的农用化学品。本研究评估了ATR（4.28、42.8和428μg/L）、CPF（1.16、11.6和116μg/L）以及ATR/CPF组合（1.13、11.3和113μg/L）在40天暴露和40天恢复处理后对鲤鱼头肾和脾脏的影响。测定了一氧化氮（NO）含量、抗羟自由基（AHR）、抗超氧阴离子（ASA）、过氧化物酶（POD）和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）的活性，以及自噬基因（LC3-II、动力蛋白、TOR）的mRNA水平。结果表明，单独或联合暴露于ATR和CPF 40天后，鲤鱼头肾和脾脏中的抗氧化酶（AHR、ASA、POD和iNOS）活性以及NO含量显著增加。单独或联合暴露于ATR和CPF后，鲤鱼中LC3-II和动力蛋白的mRNA水平显著增加。此外，40天恢复后，LC3-II和动力蛋白的mRNA水平显著下降。然而，在暴露和恢复结束时，所有TOR基因的mRNA水平均显著下降。据我们所知，这是第一项报道暴露于ATR、CPF和ATR/CPF组合会在鲤鱼中引起氧化应激诱导的自噬效应的研究。本研究提供的信息可能有助于理解ATR、CPF和ATR/CPF组合在鱼类中诱导自噬的机制。
