Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, University of Texas at Austin , 10100 Burnet Road, Building 133, M.S. R7100, Austin, Texas 78758, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2015 Jan 6;49(1):633-40. doi: 10.1021/es5040156. Epub 2014 Dec 9.
Emissions from 377 gas actuated (pneumatic) controllers were measured at natural gas production sites and a small number of oil production sites, throughout the United States. A small subset of the devices (19%), with whole gas emission rates in excess of 6 standard cubic feet per hour (scf/h), accounted for 95% of emissions. More than half of the controllers recorded emissions of 0.001 scf/h or less during 15 min of measurement. Pneumatic controllers in level control applications on separators and in compressor applications had higher emission rates than controllers in other types of applications. Regional differences in emissions were observed, with the lowest emissions measured in the Rocky Mountains and the highest emissions in the Gulf Coast. Average methane emissions per controller reported in this work are 17% higher than the average emissions per controller in the 2012 EPA greenhouse gas national emission inventory (2012 GHG NEI, released in 2014); the average of 2.7 controllers per well observed in this work is higher than the 1.0 controllers per well reported in the 2012 GHG NEI.
在美国各地的天然气生产场所和少数石油生产场所，对 377 个气动（气压）控制器的排放物进行了测量。一小部分设备（19%）的总气体排放率超过每小时 6 标准立方英尺（scf/h），占排放量的 95%。在 15 分钟的测量过程中，超过一半的控制器记录的排放量为 0.001 scf/h 或更低。在分离器的液位控制应用和压缩机应用中的气动控制器比其他类型应用中的控制器排放率更高。排放存在地区差异，落基山脉的排放量最低，墨西哥湾沿岸的排放量最高。本研究报告的每个控制器的平均甲烷排放量比 2012 年 EPA 温室气体国家排放清单（2012 年 GHG NEI，于 2014 年发布）中每个控制器的平均排放量高 17%；本研究中观察到的每口井的平均 2.7 个控制器比 2012 年 GHG NEI 中报告的每口井的 1.0 个控制器高。
