Pollard Rachel E, Koehne Amanda L, Peterson Carlyn B, Lyons Leslie A
Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
J Feline Med Surg. 2015 Aug;17(8):719-26. doi: 10.1177/1098612X14558147. Epub 2014 Dec 8.
Several cat breeds are defined by morphological variation of the tail. The Japanese Bobtail is a breed that has been accepted for registration only within the past 50 years; however, the congenital kinked tail variants defining this breed were documented in the Far East centuries ago and the cats are considered 'good luck' in several Asian cultures. The recent discovery of the mutation for the tailless Manx phenotype has demonstrated that the Japanese Bobtail does not have a causative mutation in the same gene (T-Box). Here, a simple segregation analysis of cats bred from a pedigreed Japanese Bobtail demonstrated a simple autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with variable expression of the tail length and kink placement. Unexpectedly, radiological examinations of the entire vertebral column of kink-tailed cats indicated variation from the normal vertebral feline formula (C7, T13, L7, S3, Cd20-24), including cats with mostly one reduction of thoracic vertebrae (C7, T12, L7, S3), and an average of 15.8 caudal vertebrae. A few cats had variation in the number of cervical vertebrae. Several transitional vertebrae and anomalous ribs were noted. One cat had a bifid vertebra in the tail. Most cats had hemivertebrae that were usually included in the tail kink, one of which was demonstrated by gross pathology and histopathology. The abnormal vertebral formula or the placement of the kink in the tail did not coincide with morbidity or mortality.
几种猫的品种是由尾巴的形态变异来定义的。日本短尾猫是一个在过去50年内才被接受注册的品种；然而，定义该品种的先天性扭结尾变种在几个世纪前的远东地区就有记载，并且在一些亚洲文化中，这种猫被认为是“幸运”的象征。最近对无尾曼岛猫表型突变的发现表明，日本短尾猫在同一基因（T-Box）中没有致病突变。在此，对一只纯种日本短尾猫繁育的后代进行的简单分离分析表明，尾巴长度和扭结位置的表达存在差异，其遗传方式为简单的常染色体显性遗传。出乎意料的是，对扭结尾猫整个脊柱的放射学检查显示，其与正常猫的脊椎公式（C7、T13、L7、S3、Cd20 - 24）有所不同，包括一些胸椎数量减少一个（C7、T12、L7、S3）且尾椎平均有15.8个的猫。少数猫的颈椎数量也存在差异。还发现了一些过渡椎骨和异常肋骨。有一只猫的尾巴椎骨出现了双裂现象。大多数猫有半椎体，通常包含在尾巴扭结处，其中一个通过大体病理学和组织病理学得以证实。异常的脊椎公式或尾巴扭结的位置与发病率或死亡率并无关联。
