Kostner G M
Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Graz, Austria.
Biochem Soc Trans. 1989 Aug;17(4):639-41. doi: 10.1042/bst0170639.
The whole lipoprotein spectrum of human plasma may be divided into atherosclerotic and anti-atherosclerotic lipoproteins. To the first class belong apolipoprotein (apo) B and some apoE-containing lipoproteins of the very-low-density (VLDL), intermediate-density (IDL) and low-density (LDL) lipoprotein fractions. Anti-atherosclerotic lipoproteins are apoA-containing high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Circulating plasma lipoproteins are catabolized mainly by specific cell surface receptors (R) which react with apoB and apoE (B/E-R), for apoE (E-R) or for apoA (HDL-R). Whereas the B/E-R and E-R are responsible for the cellular uptake of lipoproteins and their lipid load by various organs, HDL-R are thought to promote lipid (cholesterol) efflux. There is an additional class of lipoprotein receptors, the so called scavenger-R which are responsible for the removal of altered or degraded lipoproteins for the circulation. Under normal physiological conditions, the concerted action of these receptors warrants efficient lipoprotein turnover and direction into target organs. Derangements of this system, however, may lead to the deposition and accumulation of atherogenic lipids, notably free cholesterol (FC) and cholesteryl esters (CE) in arterial tissue causing atherosclerosis and cardiac death.
人类血浆中的整个脂蛋白谱可分为致动脉粥样硬化脂蛋白和抗动脉粥样硬化脂蛋白。第一类包括载脂蛋白（apo）B以及极低密度（VLDL）、中间密度（IDL）和低密度（LDL）脂蛋白组分中一些含apoE的脂蛋白。抗动脉粥样硬化脂蛋白是含apoA的高密度脂蛋白（HDL）。循环血浆脂蛋白主要通过与apoB和apoE反应的特异性细胞表面受体（R）（B/E-R）、与apoE反应的受体（E-R）或与apoA反应的受体（HDL-R）进行分解代谢。B/E-R和E-R负责各种器官对脂蛋白及其脂质负荷的细胞摄取，而HDL-R被认为可促进脂质（胆固醇）流出。还有另一类脂蛋白受体，即所谓的清道夫受体，它们负责清除循环中改变的或降解的脂蛋白。在正常生理条件下，这些受体的协同作用保证了脂蛋白的有效周转并导向靶器官。然而，该系统的紊乱可能导致致动脉粥样硬化脂质，特别是游离胆固醇（FC）和胆固醇酯（CE）在动脉组织中沉积和积聚，从而导致动脉粥样硬化和心脏死亡。
