Dubey Divyanshu, Kieseier Bernd C, Hartung Hans Peter, Hemmer Bernhard, Miller-Little William A, Stuve Olaf
UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA.
Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2015 Jan;11(1):93-108. doi: 10.1586/1744666X.2015.992881. Epub 2014 Dec 15.
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a relatively novel class of drugs that has substantially advanced immunotherapy for patients with multiple sclerosis. The advantage of these agents is that they bind specifically and exclusively to predetermined proteins or cells. Natalizumab was the first mAb in neurology to obtain approval. It is also considered one of the most potent options for annualized relapse rate reduction among available therapeutic options. Alemtuzumab is currently also approved in several countries. Several mAbs have been tested in clinical studies in multiple sclerosis. Here, we review the history of drug development of therapeutic mAbs and their classification. Furthermore, we outline the putative mechanisms of action, clinical evidence and safety of approved mAbs and those in different stages of clinical development in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica.
治疗性单克隆抗体（mAb）是一类相对新颖的药物，它极大地推动了多发性硬化症患者免疫治疗的发展。这些药物的优势在于它们能特异性且唯一地结合预定的蛋白质或细胞。那他珠单抗是神经学领域首个获批的单克隆抗体。在现有的治疗方案中，它也被认为是降低年化复发率最有效的选择之一。阿仑单抗目前也在多个国家获批。几种单克隆抗体已在多发性硬化症的临床研究中进行了测试。在此，我们回顾治疗性单克隆抗体的药物研发历史及其分类。此外，我们概述了已获批的单克隆抗体以及处于多发性硬化症和视神经脊髓炎不同临床开发阶段的单克隆抗体的推定作用机制、临床证据和安全性。
