Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan; Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea.
Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan.
Carbohydr Polym. 2015 Mar 6;117:271-278. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.09.064. Epub 2014 Oct 2.
Reactive dyes require high concentrations of an electrolyte to improve dye-fiber interaction, leading to the discharge of harmful effluent. One approach to reduce this unsafe release is treatment of the cotton fabric with cationic chemical reagents. This paper reports on the treatment of cotton fabric with cationic starch (Q-TAC), a commercial product, by batchwise method and pad batch method for the first time prior to reactive dyeing process. Furthermore,three commercial reactive dyes, based on monochloro triazine, vinyl sulfone and monochlorotriazine + vinyl sulfonechemistry, was applied on the cotton fabrics by continuous (pad-dry-cure) method. The treated cotton fabric by batchwise method produced 70% higher color yield (K/S) and 20% enhanced dye fixation (%F) than the untreated cotton fabric. X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) analysis revealed the presence of N1s peaks in the treated cotton fabrics. The crystallinity of treated cotton fabrics was reduced in comparison to untreated cotton fabric as revealed by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) measurements. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) showed that the surface of treated cotton fabrics was rougher than untreated cotton fabric due to the deposition of cationic starch. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrum confirmed the existence of quaternary ammonium groups, N(+)(CH3)3, in the treated cotton fabrics. The analysis of color fastness tests demonstrated good to excellent ratings for treated cotton fabrics. In this way, cationic starch treatment of cotton fabric before reactive dyeing process has been proven potentially a more environmentally sustainable method than conventional dyeing method.
活性染料需要高浓度的电解质才能提高染料与纤维的相互作用，从而导致有害废水的排放。减少这种不安全排放的一种方法是用阳离子化学试剂处理棉织物。本文首次报道了用阳离子淀粉（Q-TAC）处理棉织物，Q-TAC 是一种商品，采用间歇法和轧堆法进行处理，然后再进行活性染料染色。此外，还采用连续（轧烘-固色）法在棉织物上应用了三种基于单氯均三嗪、乙烯砜和单氯均三嗪+乙烯砜化学的商品活性染料。间歇法处理的棉织物的颜色得率（K/S）比未处理的棉织物高 70%，染料固着率（%F）提高了 20%。X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析表明，处理过的棉织物中存在 N1s 峰。与未处理的棉织物相比，处理过的棉织物的结晶度有所降低，这是通过广角 X 射线衍射（WAXD）测量得到的。场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）显示，由于阳离子淀粉的沉积，处理过的棉织物的表面比未处理的棉织物更粗糙。衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外（ATR-FTIR）光谱证实了处理过的棉织物中存在季铵盐基团，N(+)(CH3)3。色牢度测试分析表明，处理过的棉织物具有良好到极好的评级。因此，在活性染料染色前用阳离子淀粉处理棉织物被证明是一种比传统染色方法更具环境可持续性的方法。
