Tougaard Ninna Hahn, Bonde Jens Peter, Hougaard Karin Sørig, Jørgensen Kristian Tore
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2015 Mar;41(2):175-83. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3472. Epub 2014 Dec 10.
Painters' occupational exposure is classified as a group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Previous studies have shown increased risk of congenital malformations among children of women exposed to organic solvents and paint emissions during pregnancy. In Denmark, women comprise half of those enrolled in vocational paint training. We investigated the association between maternal and paternal occupational painting, respectively, and the risk of congenital malformations among children.
National register data were used to link childbirths, malformations, and parental occupation. The cohort included >1,300,000 children born to occupationally active women in Denmark 1980-2010. Cases were hospital-diagnosed with malformations within the first year of life. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using multiple logistic regression with adjustment for potential confounders.
Among 3444 children of female construction painters, we found no increased risk of malformations overall (126 cases, OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.74-1.05) or in organ-specific subgroups compared to children of women in all other occupations (55 045 cases). Sensitivity analyses restricted to severe malformations, children of maternal painters with ≥2 years of pre-pregnancy exposure, and firstborn children, and analyses with maternal healthcare assistants and kitchen workers as reference supported the main results. Also, no associations were found when including diagnoses within the first 10 years of life, when stratifying by maternal age, birth year, and sex, or for paternal construction painters.
This nationwide cohort study is reassuring with no indications of increased risk of congenital malformations among children of male or of female construction painters.
国际癌症研究机构（IARC）将画家的职业暴露归类为1类致癌物。先前的研究表明，孕期接触有机溶剂和油漆排放物的女性所生子女出现先天性畸形的风险增加。在丹麦，参加职业油漆培训的人员中有一半是女性。我们分别调查了母亲和父亲从事油漆工作与子女先天性畸形风险之间的关联。
利用国家登记数据将分娩、畸形和父母职业联系起来。该队列包括1980年至2010年在丹麦职业活跃的女性所生的超过130万名儿童。病例为在出生后第一年内被医院诊断为畸形的儿童。使用多因素逻辑回归估计比值比（OR）及其95%置信区间（95%CI），并对潜在混杂因素进行调整。
在3444名女性建筑油漆工的子女中，我们发现总体畸形风险没有增加（126例，OR 0.88，95%CI 0.74 - 1.05），与所有其他职业女性的子女（55045例）相比，在器官特异性亚组中也没有增加。针对严重畸形、孕前暴露≥2年的母亲油漆工的子女以及头胎子女进行的敏感性分析，以及以母亲医疗保健助理和厨房工人作为对照的分析均支持主要结果。此外，纳入出生后前10年内的诊断、按母亲年龄、出生年份和性别分层，或对父亲建筑油漆工进行分析时，均未发现关联。
这项全国性队列研究令人安心，没有迹象表明男性或女性建筑油漆工子女的先天性畸形风险增加。
