美国14至59岁青少年及成年人的性行为趋势与模式
Trends and patterns of sexual behaviors among adolescents and adults aged 14 to 59 years, United States.
作者信息
Liu Gui, Hariri Susan, Bradley Heather, Gottlieb Sami L, Leichliter Jami S, Markowitz Lauri E
机构信息
From the *Division of STD Prevention and †Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
出版信息
Sex Transm Dis. 2015 Jan;42(1):20-6. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000231.
BACKGROUND
Evaluation of sexual behaviors is essential to better understand the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections and their sequelae.
METHODS
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) is an ongoing probability sample survey of the US population. Using NHANES sexual behavior data from 1999 to 2012, we performed the following: (1) trend analyses among adults aged 25 to 59 years by 10-year birth cohorts and (2) descriptive analyses among participants aged 14 to 24 years. Sex was defined as vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
RESULTS
Among adults aged 25 to 59 years, median age at sexual initiation decreased between the 1940-1949 and 1980-1989 cohorts from 17.9 to 16.2 among females (P trend < 0.001) and from 17.1 to 16.1 among males (P trend < 0.001). Median lifetime partners increased between the 1940-1949 and 1970-1979 cohorts, from 2.6 to 5.3 among females (P trend < 0.001) and from 6.7 to 8.8 among males (P trend < 0.001). The percentage of females reporting ever having a same-sex partner increased from 5.2% to 9.3% between the 1940-1949 and 1970-1979 cohorts (P trend < 0.001). Among participants aged 14 to 24 years, the percentage having had sex increased with age, from 12.5% among females and 13.1% among males at age 14 years to more than 75% at age 19 years for both sexes. Among sexually experienced 14- to 19-year-olds, 45.2% of females and 55.0% of males had at least 3 lifetime partners; 39.4% of females and 48.6% of males had at least 2 partners in the past year. The proportion of females aged 20 to 24 years who reported ever having a same-sex partner was 14.9%. The proportion of participants aged 14-19 or 20-24 years reporting ever having sex did not differ by survey year from 1999 to 2012 for either males or females.
CONCLUSIONS
Sexual behaviors changed with successive birth cohorts, with more pronounced changes among females. A substantial proportion of adolescents are sexually active and have multiple partners. These data reinforce existing recommendations for sexual health education and sexually transmitted infection prevention targeting adolescents before sexual debut.
背景
对性行为进行评估对于更好地了解性传播感染的流行病学及其后果至关重要。
方法
美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）是一项针对美国人口的持续概率抽样调查。利用1999年至2012年NHANES的性行为数据，我们进行了以下操作：（1）按10年出生队列对25至59岁成年人进行趋势分析，（2）对14至24岁参与者进行描述性分析。性行为定义为阴道性交、肛交或口交。
结果
在25至59岁的成年人中，首次性行为的中位年龄在1940 - 1949年队列和1980 - 1989年队列之间有所下降，女性从17.9岁降至16.2岁（P趋势<0.001），男性从17.1岁降至16.1岁（P趋势<0.001）。终身性伴侣的中位数在1940 - 1949年队列和1970 - 1979年队列之间有所增加，女性从2.6个增至5.3个（P趋势<0.001），男性从6.7个增至8.8个（P趋势<0.001）。报告曾有同性伴侣的女性比例在1940 - 1949年队列和1970 - 1979年队列之间从5.2%增至9.3%（P趋势<0.001）。在14至24岁的参与者中，有性行为的比例随年龄增长而增加，14岁时女性为12.5%，男性为13.1%，到19岁时两性均超过75%。在有性经历的14至19岁青少年中，45.2%的女性和55.0%的男性有至少3个终身性伴侣；39.4%的女性和48.6%的男性在过去一年有至少2个性伴侣。报告曾有同性伴侣的20至24岁女性比例为14.9%。1999年至2012年期间，14 - 19岁或20 - 24岁报告曾有性行为的参与者比例在男性和女性中均不因调查年份而有所不同。
结论
性行为随连续出生队列而变化，女性的变化更为明显。相当比例的青少年有性行为且有多个性伴侣。这些数据强化了现有的针对青少年首次性行为前进行性健康教育和预防性传播感染的建议。
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