Terracciano Rosa, Pelaia Girolamo, Preianò Mariaimmacolata, Savino Rocco
Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
Proteomics Clin Appl. 2015 Feb;9(1-2):203-20. doi: 10.1002/prca.201400099. Epub 2015 Jan 23.
Although asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD represent the two most common chronic respiratory diseases worldwide, the mechanisms underlying their pathobiology need to be further elucidated. Presently, differentiation of asthma and COPD are largely based on clinical and lung function parameters. However, the complexity of these multifactorial diseases may lead to misclassification and to inappropriate management strategies. Recently, tremendous progress in MS has extended the sensitivity, accuracy, and speed of analysis, enabling the identification of thousands of proteins per experiment. Beyond identification, MS has also greatly implemented quantitation issues allowing to assess qualitative-quantitative differences in protein profiles of different samples, in particular diseased versus normal. Herein, we provide a summary of recent proteomics-based investigations in the field of asthma/COPD, highlighting major issues related to sampling and processing procedures for proteomic analyses of specific airway and parenchymal specimens (induced sputum, exhaled breath condensate, epithelial lining fluid, bronchoalveolar and nasal lavage fluid), as well as blood-derived specimen (plasma and serum). Within such a context, together with current difficulties and limitations mainly due to lack of general standardization in preanalytical sampling procedure, our discussion will focus on the challenges and possible benefits of proteomic studies in phenotypic stratification of asthma and COPD.
尽管哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是全球最常见的两种慢性呼吸道疾病，但其病理生物学的潜在机制仍需进一步阐明。目前，哮喘和COPD的鉴别主要基于临床和肺功能参数。然而，这些多因素疾病的复杂性可能导致错误分类和不恰当的管理策略。近年来，质谱技术（MS）取得了巨大进展，提高了分析的灵敏度、准确性和速度，每次实验能够鉴定数千种蛋白质。除了蛋白质鉴定，MS在定量分析方面也有了很大进步，能够评估不同样本（尤其是患病样本与正常样本）蛋白质谱的定性和定量差异。在此，我们总结了近期基于蛋白质组学在哮喘/COPD领域的研究，重点介绍了与特定气道和实质标本（诱导痰、呼出气冷凝液、上皮衬液、支气管肺泡灌洗液和鼻腔灌洗液）以及血液来源标本（血浆和血清）蛋白质组学分析的采样和处理程序相关的主要问题。在这种背景下，鉴于目前主要由于分析前采样程序缺乏通用标准化而存在的困难和局限性，我们的讨论将聚焦于蛋白质组学研究在哮喘和COPD表型分层中的挑战和潜在益处。
