Rodríguez-Vázquez Nuria, Ozores H Lionel, Guerra Arcadio, González-Freire Eva, Fuertes Alberto, Panciera Michele, Priegue Juan M, Outeiral Juan, Montenegro Javier, Garcia-Fandino Rebeca, Amorin Manuel, Granja Juan R
Departamento de Quimica Organica, Centro Singular de Investigacion en Quimica Biologica y Materiales Moleculares, Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Curr Top Med Chem. 2014;14(23):2647-61. doi: 10.2174/1568026614666141215143431.
Peptide nanotubes are novel supramolecular nanobiomaterials that have a tubular structure. The stacking of cyclic components is one of the most promising strategies amongst the methods described in recent years for the preparation of nanotubes. This strategy allows precise control of the nanotube surface properties and the dimensions of the tube diameter. In addition, the incorporation of 3- aminocycloalkanecarboxylic acid residues in the nanotube-forming peptides allows control of the internal properties of the supramolecular tube. The research aimed at the application of membrane-interacting self-assembled cyclic peptide nanotubes (SCPNs) is summarized in this review. The cyclic peptides are designed to interact with phospholipid bilayers to induce nanotube formation. The properties and orientation of the nanotube can be tuned by tailoring the peptide sequence. Hydrophobic peptides form transmembrane pores with a hydrophilic orifice, the nature of which has been exploited to transport ions and small molecules efficiently. These synthetic ion channels are selective for alkali metal ions (Na(+), K(+) or Cs(+)) over divalent cations (Ca(2+)) or anions (Cl(-)). Unfortunately, selectivity was not achieved within the series of alkali metal ions, for which ion transport rates followed the diffusion rates in water. Amphipathic peptides form nanotubes that lie parallel to the membrane. Interestingly, nanotube formation takes place preferentially on the surface of bacterial membranes, thus making these materials suitable for the development of new antimicrobial agents.
肽纳米管是具有管状结构的新型超分子纳米生物材料。环状组分的堆积是近年来所描述的纳米管制备方法中最有前景的策略之一。该策略能够精确控制纳米管的表面性质和管径尺寸。此外，在形成纳米管的肽中引入3 - 氨基环烷羧酸残基可控制超分子管的内部性质。本综述总结了针对与膜相互作用的自组装环状肽纳米管（SCPN）应用的研究。环状肽被设计用于与磷脂双层相互作用以诱导纳米管形成。通过调整肽序列可以调节纳米管的性质和取向。疏水肽形成具有亲水性孔口的跨膜孔，利用其性质可高效运输离子和小分子。这些合成离子通道对碱金属离子（Na⁺、K⁺或Cs⁺）的选择性高于二价阳离子（Ca²⁺）或阴离子（Cl⁻）。遗憾的是，在碱金属离子系列中未实现选择性，其离子传输速率遵循在水中的扩散速率。两亲性肽形成与膜平行的纳米管。有趣的是，纳米管形成优先发生在细菌膜表面，因此这些材料适用于开发新型抗菌剂。
