Nakashima Ichiro
Nihon Rinsho. 2014 Nov;72(11):1964-9.
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune central nervous system disease associated with anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody. Although the current diagnostic criteria requires both optic neuritis and myelitis, many of the patients with anti-AQP4 antibody do not fulfil the criteria, so that they have a chance to be misdiagnosed as having multiple sclerosis (MS). To avoid the misdiagnosis, a sensitive method to detect anti-AQP4 antibody is required although widely used kits has lower sensitivity. Although MS is one of the most important differential diagnosis of NMO, diseases associated with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody may mimic NMO clinical features and should be considered as differential diagnosis.
视神经脊髓炎（NMO）是一种与抗水通道蛋白4（AQP4）抗体相关的自身免疫性中枢神经系统疾病。尽管目前的诊断标准要求同时具备视神经炎和脊髓炎，但许多抗AQP4抗体阳性的患者并不满足该标准，因此他们有被误诊为多发性硬化症（MS）的可能。为避免误诊，尽管广泛使用的试剂盒灵敏度较低，但仍需要一种检测抗AQP4抗体的灵敏方法。虽然MS是NMO最重要的鉴别诊断之一，但与抗髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体相关的疾病可能会模仿NMO的临床特征，也应被视为鉴别诊断。
