Marzouk Eman, Abd El-Hamid Hatem S, Awad Ashraf M, Zessin Karl-Hans, Abdelwhab E M, Hafez Hafez M
Avian Dis. 2014 Sep;58(3):462-7. doi: 10.1637/10771-011614-ResNote.1.
The highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus (A/H5N1) devastated the poultry industry and posed a serious health threat. Cleaning and disinfection are essential parts of preventative and postoutbreak management of A/H5N1 infections in poultry. In this preliminary study, we used suspension and carrier tests to evaluate the impact of concentration, time of exposure, surface porosity, and organic matter on the ability of four commercial chemical disinfectants to inactivate two A/H5N1 viruses of clade 2.2.1 isolated in 2006 and 2010 from broiler flocks in Egypt. Viruses were incubated with 0.5%, 1%, and 2% of formalin, glutaraldehyde, TH4, and Virkon S for 15, 30, 60, and 120 min at room temperature (22 +/- 2 C). In suspension tests, in the absence of organic matter, all disinfectants, at each concentration, except Virkon S 0.5%, effectively inactivated virus suspensions after a 15-min exposure time. In the presence of organic matter, the use of low concentrations of formalin (0.5%), glutaraldehyde (0.5%), or Virkon S (0.5%) was not sufficient to inactivate the viruses after 15 min. In gauze carrier tests, only formalin at any concentration for 15 min was sufficient to inactivate the viruses, whereas different concentrations or exposure times were required for glutaraldehyde (0.5% for 60 min), TH4 (0.5% for 30 min), and Virkon S (0.5% for 60 min or 1% for 30 min). In wood carrier tests, total inactivation of the virus was obtained at concentrations of 0.5% for 30 min (formalin and TH4) or 60 min (glutaraldehyde and Virkon S). This study emphasizes the need to use high concentrations of and/or extended time of exposure to disinfectants for efficient inactivation of A/H5N1, particularly in the presence of organic matter or different surfaces, which are common in poultry operations. In addition, it seemed that the virus isolated in 2010 was more resistant to disinfectants than the isolate from 2006 when wood was used as a carrier.
高致病性H5N1禽流感病毒（A/H5N1）重创了家禽业，并对健康构成严重威胁。清洁和消毒是家禽A/H5N1感染预防及疫情后管理的重要环节。在这项初步研究中，我们通过悬液试验和载体试验，评估了浓度、暴露时间、表面孔隙率和有机物对四种商用化学消毒剂灭活2006年和2010年从埃及肉鸡群中分离出的2.2.1分支的两种A/H5N1病毒能力的影响。将病毒与0.5%、1%和2%的福尔马林、戊二醛、TH4和卫可Virkon S在室温（22±2℃）下孵育15、30、60和120分钟。在悬液试验中，在没有有机物的情况下，除0.5%的卫可Virkon S外，每种浓度的所有消毒剂在暴露15分钟后均能有效灭活病毒悬液。在有有机物存在的情况下，低浓度的福尔马林（0.5%）、戊二醛（0.5%）或卫可Virkon S（0.5%）在15分钟后不足以灭活病毒。在纱布载体试验中，任何浓度的福尔马林作用15分钟就足以灭活病毒，而戊二醛（0.5%作用60分钟）、TH4（0.5%作用30分钟）和卫可Virkon S（0.5%作用60分钟或1%作用30分钟）则需要不同的浓度或暴露时间。在木质载体试验中，在0.5%的浓度下作用30分钟（福尔马林和TH4）或60分钟（戊二醛和卫可Virkon S）可实现病毒的完全灭活。本研究强调，为有效灭活A/H5N1，尤其是在存在有机物或不同表面（这在家禽养殖中很常见）的情况下，需要使用高浓度消毒剂和/或延长暴露时间。此外，当使用木质作为载体时，2010年分离出的病毒似乎比2006年分离出的病毒对消毒剂更具抗性。
