Canario Laurianne, Bidanel Jean-Pierre, Rydhmer Lotta
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1388, Génétique, Physiologie et Système d'Elevage Castanet-Tolosan, France.
Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1313, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Front Genet. 2014 Dec 2;5:410. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00410. eCollection 2014.
Genetic trends in maternal abilities were studied in French Large White sows. Two lines representing old-type and modern-type pigs were obtained by inseminating modern sows with semen from boars born in 1977 or 1998. Successive generations were produced by inter-se mating. The maternal performance of sows from the second generation was compared in farrowing crates. Video analysis was performed for the 1st h after the onset of 43 and 36 farrowing events, and for the 6 first hours for 23 and 21 events, in old-type and modern-type sows, respectively. Genetic trends were estimated as twice the difference in estimates between the 2 lines. The contribution of behavior to the probability of stillbirth and piglet death in the first 2 days was estimated as the percentage of deviance reduction (DR) due to the addition of behavior traits as factors in the mortality model. Sow activity decreased strongly from the 1st to the 2nd h in both lines (P < 0.001). In the first 6 h, old-type sows sat (1st parity), stood (2nd parity) and rooted (both parities) for longer than modern-type sows, which were less active, especially in 2nd parity. In modern-type sows, stillbirth was associated positively with lying laterally in the first 6 h (4.6% DR) and negatively in the 1st h (9.1% DR). First-parity old-type sows were more attentive to piglets (P = 0.003) than modern-type sows which responded more to nose contacts at 2nd parity (P = 0.01). Maternal reactivity of modern-type sows was associated with a higher risk of piglet death (4.6% DR). Respiratory distress at birth tended to be higher in modern-type piglets than in old-type piglets (P < 0.10) and was associated with a higher risk of piglet death in both lines (2.7-3.1% DR). Mobility at birth was lower in modern-type than old-type piglets (P < 0.0001). Genetic trends show that sow and piglet behaviors at farrowing have changed. Our results indicate reduced welfare in parturient modern-type sows and their newborn piglets.
对法国大白猪的母性行为遗传趋势进行了研究。通过用1977年或1998年出生的公猪精液人工授精现代母猪，获得了代表老式猪和现代猪的两个品系。通过系内交配产生连续世代。在产仔箱中比较了第二代母猪的母性表现。分别对老式和现代品系的43次和36次产仔事件开始后的第1小时，以及23次和21次产仔事件开始后的前6小时进行了视频分析。遗传趋势估计为两个品系估计值差异的两倍。行为对死胎概率和仔猪出生后前两天死亡概率的贡献，通过在死亡率模型中加入行为特征作为因素导致的偏差减少百分比（DR）来估计。两个品系的母猪活动从第1小时到第2小时均大幅下降（P < 0.001）。在前6小时，老式母猪在第1胎时坐卧、第2胎时站立以及两胎时拱地的时间都比现代母猪长，现代母猪活动较少，尤其是在第2胎时。在现代母猪中，死胎与前6小时侧卧呈正相关（DR为4.6%），与第1小时呈负相关（DR为9.1%）。第1胎的老式母猪比现代母猪更关注仔猪（P = 0.003），而现代母猪在第2胎时对鼻接触反应更强烈（P = 0.01）。现代母猪的母性反应与仔猪死亡风险较高相关（DR为4.6%）。现代仔猪出生时的呼吸窘迫往往比老式仔猪更高（P < 0.10），并且在两个品系中都与仔猪死亡风险较高相关（DR为2.7 - 3.1%）。现代仔猪出生时的活动能力低于老式仔猪（P < 0.0001）。遗传趋势表明产仔时母猪和仔猪的行为发生了变化。我们的结果表明，现代分娩母猪及其新生仔猪的福利有所下降。
