Sharpe L, Johnson A, Dear B F
School of Psychology A18, The University of Sydney, Australia.
Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Eur J Pain. 2015 Oct;19(9):1248-57. doi: 10.1002/ejp.648. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of training participants' attention towards or away from painful faces versus pain-related words on pain outcomes on an acute experimental pain paradigm.
Participants were randomized to receive either training towards or away from painful faces or words. Following training, participants completed the cold pressor task.
The results confirm that attention bias modification produced the predicted changes in attentional biases. Clear training effects were observed for words and faces, such that attentional biases changed in the predicted direction on the stimuli presented during the training. However, for those trained on words, training effects also generalized to face stimuli. As predicted, those who received training away from painful stimuli took longer to report pain (higher pain threshold) during the cold pressor task, and this effect was more pronounced for those trained on words. Contrary to expectations, those trained on faces (regardless of training direction) reported less pain than those trained on words. There were no differences between the groups for pain tolerance (length of time participants were able to keep their arms in the cold pressor).
These findings confirm that attentional biases are modifiable, and impact (in the expected manner) how quickly participants perceive pain. Further, exposure to painful faces resulted in additional benefits to the level of pain reported. However, we were unable to confirm that change in attentional biases was the mechanism of change.
本研究旨在比较在急性实验性疼痛范式中，训练参与者将注意力指向或远离痛苦表情与痛苦相关词汇对疼痛结果的影响。
参与者被随机分配接受指向或远离痛苦表情或词汇的训练。训练后，参与者完成冷加压任务。
结果证实，注意力偏向修正产生了预期的注意力偏向变化。在词汇和表情方面均观察到明显的训练效果，即在训练期间呈现的刺激上，注意力偏向朝着预期方向改变。然而，对于接受词汇训练的人来说，训练效果也推广到了表情刺激上。正如预期的那样，那些接受远离痛苦刺激训练的人在冷加压任务中报告疼痛的时间更长（疼痛阈值更高），并且这种效果在接受词汇训练的人中更为明显。与预期相反，接受表情训练的人（无论训练方向如何）报告的疼痛比接受词汇训练的人少。两组在疼痛耐受性（参与者将手臂放在冷加压装置中的时间长度）方面没有差异。
这些发现证实注意力偏向是可改变的，并且（以预期的方式）影响参与者感知疼痛的速度。此外，接触痛苦表情会给报告的疼痛程度带来额外的益处。然而，我们无法证实注意力偏向的改变是变化的机制。
