Liston Dorion B, Stone Leland S
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA San José State University, San José, CA, USA.
NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.
J Vis. 2014 Dec 19;14(14):12. doi: 10.1167/14.14.12.
Eye movements are the most frequent (∼3/s), shortest-latency (∼150-250 ms), and biomechanically simplest (one joint, no inertial complexities) voluntary motor behavior in primates, providing a model system to assess sensorimotor disturbances arising from trauma, fatigue, aging, or disease states. We have developed a 15-min behavioral tracking protocol consisting of randomized Rashbass (1961) step-ramp radial target motion to assess several aspects of the behavioral response to visual motion, including pursuit initiation, steady-state tracking, direction tuning, and speed tuning. We show how oculomotor data can be converted into direction- and speed-tuning oculometric functions, with large increases in efficiency over traditional button-press psychophysics. We also show how the latter two can be converted into standard visual psychometric thresholds. To assess our paradigm, we first tested for the psychometric criterion of repeatability, and report that our metrics are reliable across repeated sessions. Second, we tested for the psychometric criterion of validity, and report that our metrics show the anticipated changes as the motion stimulus degrades due to spatiotemporal undersampling. Third, we documented the distribution of these metrics across a population of 41 normal observers to provide a thorough quantitative picture of normal human ocular tracking performance, with practice and expectation effects minimized. Our method computes 10 metrics that quantify various aspects of the eye-movement response during a simple 15-min clinical test, which could be used as a screening or assessment tool for disorders affecting sensorimotor processing, including degenerative retinal disease; developmental, neurological or psychiatric disorders; strokes; and traumatic brain injury.
眼球运动是灵长类动物中最频繁（约每秒3次）、潜伏期最短（约150 - 250毫秒）且生物力学上最简单（一个关节，无惯性复杂性）的自主运动行为，为评估由创伤、疲劳、衰老或疾病状态引起的感觉运动障碍提供了一个模型系统。我们开发了一种15分钟的行为跟踪方案，该方案由随机的拉什巴斯（1961年）阶梯斜坡径向目标运动组成，以评估对视觉运动的行为反应的几个方面，包括追踪启动、稳态跟踪、方向调谐和速度调谐。我们展示了如何将眼动数据转换为方向和速度调谐的眼动测量函数，与传统的按键心理物理学相比，效率大幅提高。我们还展示了后两者如何转换为标准的视觉心理测量阈值。为了评估我们的范式，我们首先测试了可重复性的心理测量标准，并报告我们的指标在重复测试中是可靠的。其次，我们测试了有效性的心理测量标准，并报告随着运动刺激因时空欠采样而退化，我们的指标显示出预期的变化。第三，我们记录了这些指标在41名正常观察者群体中的分布情况，以在最小化练习和预期效应的情况下，全面定量地描绘正常人类眼球跟踪性能。我们的方法在一个简单的15分钟临床测试中计算10个指标，这些指标量化了眼球运动反应的各个方面，可作为一种筛查或评估工具，用于检测影响感觉运动处理的疾病，包括视网膜退行性疾病；发育、神经或精神疾病；中风；以及创伤性脑损伤。
