Kullman G J, Doak C B, Keimig D G, Cornwell R J, Ferguson R P
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, WV 26505.
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1989 Aug;50(8):413-8. doi: 10.1080/15298668991374903.
An industrial hygiene study of the entire United States gilsonite industry was done by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to evaluate the potential for occupational health problems resulting from exposures to gilsonite and its constituents. Gilsonite is a solidified hydrocarbon substance mined only in northeastern Utah to Colorado. Industrial hygiene samples were collected at four gilsonite mining companies including nine mines and three mills. Gilsonite workers had no measurable exposures to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PNA) compounds, asbestos fibers, or hydrogen sulfide gas. Several organic gases/vapors and metals were detected in the airborne samples; but, none exceeded the current exposure standards/health criteria of the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), or NIOSH. Gilsonite workers in some job categories were exposed to high levels of dust, exceeding ACGIH nuisance dust recommendations. These dusts, comprised largely of aliphatic hydrocarbons, had a large aerodynamic size distribution with average mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMAD) above 30 microns.
美国国家职业安全与健康研究所（NIOSH）对美国整个硬沥青行业进行了一项工业卫生研究，以评估接触硬沥青及其成分导致职业健康问题的可能性。硬沥青是一种仅在犹他州东北部至科罗拉多州开采的固化碳氢化合物物质。在四家硬沥青开采公司（包括九个矿场和三个工厂）采集了工业卫生样本。硬沥青工人未检测到接触多核芳香烃（PNA）化合物、石棉纤维或硫化氢气体的情况。在空气样本中检测到了几种有机气体/蒸气和金属；但是，没有一种超过矿山安全与健康管理局（MSHA）、美国政府工业卫生学家会议（ACGIH）或NIOSH的现行接触标准/健康标准。一些工作类别的硬沥青工人接触到高水平的粉尘，超过了ACGIH对 nuisance 粉尘的建议。这些粉尘主要由脂肪烃组成，空气动力学尺寸分布较大，平均质量中位空气动力学直径（MMAD）超过30微米。
