RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Durham, NC 27719, United States.
RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Durham, NC 27719, United States.
J Anxiety Disord. 2015 Jan;29:101-8. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.11.007. Epub 2014 Dec 5.
This study examined gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and symptom factors in the total U.S. active duty force. Data were drawn from the 2008 Department of Defense Survey of Health Related Behaviors among Active Duty Military Personnel including 17,939 men and 6751 women from all services. The results indicated that women expressed more distress than men across almost all the symptoms on the PTSD Checklist except for hypervigilance. Women also scored significantly higher on all four factors examined: Re-experiencing, Avoidance, Emotionally Numb, Hyperarousal. More women than men were distressed by combat experiences that involved some type of violence, such as being wounded, witnessing or engaging in acts of cruelty, engaging in hand-to-hand combat, and, to a lesser extent, handling dead bodies. Men who had been sexually abused had a greater number of symptoms and were consistently more distressed than women on individual symptoms and symptom factors.
这项研究考察了美国现役部队中创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状和症状因素的性别差异。数据来自于 2008 年国防部对现役军人健康相关行为的调查，包括来自所有军种的 17939 名男性和 6751 名女性。结果表明，除了警觉过度外，女性在 PTSD 清单上的几乎所有症状上的痛苦都比男性表达得更多。女性在四个被检查的因素上的得分也显著更高：再体验、回避、情感麻木、过度警觉。与涉及某种形式暴力的战斗经历相比，如受伤、目睹或参与残忍行为、进行肉搏战，女性感到困扰的比例高于男性，在处理尸体方面则较少。遭受过性虐待的男性症状更多，在个别症状和症状因素上的痛苦程度也始终高于女性。
