Research School of Psychology, Australian National University.
School of Psychology, University of Western Australia.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2015 Feb;41(1):102-10. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000022. Epub 2014 Dec 22.
The human brain is continuously confronted with dynamic visual input, and from this it must infer whether input belongs to a single versus multiple object identities across time. Object substitution masking (OSM), in which perception of a target stimulus is impaired by a temporally trailing 4-dot mask, reflects a failure to segment the target and mask as discrete objects. According to Bouvier and Treisman (2010), OSM only occurs for targets that require binding multiple separate features (e.g., color and orientation) to be identified. In contrast, a target that represents a unique feature is thought to be impervious to masking. Here, however, we show that a single orientation target (a Gabor) is susceptible to masking with an orientation-discrimination task, but only when the mask is similar in orientation to the target. That is, target-mask similarity, rather than target complexity determines masking. A reexamination of Bouvier and Treisman's (2010) results show that they can be explained within this target-mask similarity perspective. This means that the similarity of 2 objects determines whether they will be integrated or segmented across time, rather than the complexity of 1 of the objects in isolation.
人类大脑不断面临动态视觉输入，必须从中推断输入在时间上是否属于单个或多个物体身份。物体替换掩蔽（OSM），其中目标刺激的感知会受到时间上滞后的 4 点掩蔽的损害，反映了未能将目标和掩蔽分割为离散的物体。根据 Bouvier 和 Treisman（2010 年）的说法，OSM 仅在需要将多个单独的特征（例如颜色和方向）绑定在一起才能识别的目标上发生。相比之下，被认为不受掩蔽影响的目标是代表独特特征的目标。然而，在这里，我们表明，单一方向目标（Gabor）在进行方向辨别任务时容易受到掩蔽，但只有当掩蔽与目标的方向相似时才会发生这种情况。也就是说，目标-掩蔽相似性而不是目标的复杂性决定了掩蔽。对 Bouvier 和 Treisman（2010 年）结果的重新审查表明，可以用这种目标-掩蔽相似性的观点来解释这些结果。这意味着 2 个物体的相似性决定了它们是否会在时间上被整合或分割，而不是 1 个物体的复杂性。
