Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex; Children's Medical Center, Dallas, Tex.
Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex.
Acad Pediatr. 2015 Jan-Feb;15(1):103-10. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2014.06.020.
To identify risk factors for fighting, factors that protect against fighting, and strategies to prevent fighting, among adolescents who fight and those uninvolved in fighting.
Focus groups were conducted with middle and high school students, stratified by fighting (fighter/nonfighter) status, race/ethnicity, and gender. Groups were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed using margin coding and thematic content analysis. Themes were independently identified by 3 coders; disagreements were resolved by consensus.
The 65 participants in the 12 focus groups were 13 to 17 years old. Reasons for fighting include self-defense, to gain/maintain respect, or anger; having goals for the future is protective. Nonfighters state that their parents condone fighting only when physically attacked and that they teach adolescents strategies to avoid fighting. Fighters describe mixed messages from parents, and pro-fighting attitudes and modeling of aggressive behavior among some family members. Nonfighters avoid fighting by ignoring insults or walking away. Fighters feel unable to use nonviolent conflict-resolution methods effectively. Peers may instigate or encourage fights. Suggested prevention strategies include anger-management and conflict-resolution programs, relationships with caring adults, and physicians counseling youth about the consequences of fighting.
Nonfighters use various strategies to avoid fighting, whereas fighters are aware of few alternatives to fighting. Conflicting parental messages about fighting may enhance the likelihood of fighting. Physicians can counsel youth about the negative consequences of fighting. Interventions that teach anger management and conflict resolution, promote adolescent self-efficacy for using nonviolent strategies, and address parental attitudes about fighting may be effective in preventing fighting.
确定参与打架和不参与打架的青少年打架的风险因素、预防打架的保护因素和策略。
对中学生和高中生进行了焦点小组讨论，按打架（打架者/非打架者）状态、种族/民族和性别进行分层。使用边缘编码和主题内容分析对小组进行录音、转录和分析。主题由 3 名编码员独立确定；有分歧的地方通过达成共识解决。
12 个焦点小组的 65 名参与者年龄在 13 至 17 岁之间。打架的原因包括自卫、获得/维持尊重或愤怒；有未来目标是有保护作用的。不打架的人表示，他们的父母只在被人身攻击时才会纵容打架，并教导青少年避免打架的策略。打架的人描述了来自父母的矛盾信息，以及一些家庭成员中支持打架的态度和攻击性行为的榜样。不打架的人通过忽略侮辱或走开来避免打架。打架的人觉得自己无法有效地使用非暴力冲突解决方法。同龄人可能会挑起或鼓励打架。建议的预防策略包括愤怒管理和冲突解决计划、与有爱心的成年人的关系以及医生就打架的后果对青少年进行咨询。
不打架的人使用各种策略避免打架，而打架的人则很少有其他选择。父母对打架的信息相互矛盾，可能会增加打架的可能性。医生可以就打架的负面后果对青少年进行咨询。教授愤怒管理和冲突解决、提高青少年使用非暴力策略的自我效能感以及解决父母对打架的态度的干预措施可能对预防打架有效。
