Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Graduate School of Education, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Acad Pediatr. 2015 Jan-Feb;15(1):111-6. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2014.06.021.
Poor sleep and working memory difficulties are both associated with learning difficulties, but it is not known whether they are linked with each other in childhood. We aimed to determine, in a population-based sample of grade 1 children, whether poor sleep is associated with reduced working memory capacity.
Cross-sectional population-based study. All grade 1 children in 44 elementary schools in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia; 1749 children were included (participation rate 65%, mean age 6.9 years). Parents completed a written questionnaire at home, after which researchers administered one-on-one child computerized assessments at school. Predictor measures were parent-reported 1) perceptions of poor sleep, 2) regularity of bedtime, 3) sleep duration, and 4) sleep onset latency. Outcome measures were backward digit recall (verbal working memory) and Mister X (visuospatial working memory) subtests of the Automated Working Memory Assessment (AWMA). Associations were examined using linear regression, adjusted for duration of schooling, gender, age, and social status.
Increasing poor sleep (P = .03), less regularity of bedtime (P < .001), and shorter sleep duration (P = .03) were all associated with poorer verbal working memory, with effect sizes ranging from 0.3 to 1.2. Poor sleep was not associated with visuospatial working memory.
At a population level, poor sleep in early school-age children is associated with poorer verbal working memory, an important predictor of academic difficulties.
睡眠质量差和工作记忆困难均与学习困难有关，但尚不清楚它们在儿童时期是否存在关联。我们旨在确定在基于人群的一年级儿童样本中，睡眠质量差是否与工作记忆能力下降有关。
这是一项基于人群的横断面研究。所有澳大利亚墨尔本大都市 44 所小学的一年级儿童；共有 1749 名儿童（参与率为 65%，平均年龄为 6.9 岁）。父母在家中完成书面问卷，之后研究人员在学校对儿童进行一对一的计算机评估。预测指标包括：1）父母报告的睡眠质量差，2）就寝时间的规律性，3）睡眠时间，以及 4）入睡潜伏期。结果测量指标为后向数字回忆（言语工作记忆）和 Mister X（视空间工作记忆）子测试自动化工作记忆评估（AWMA）。采用线性回归法，调整在校时间、性别、年龄和社会地位等因素后，对关联进行了检验。
睡眠质量差（P =.03）、就寝时间规律性差（P <.001）和睡眠时间较短（P =.03）均与言语工作记忆能力下降相关，其效应大小范围为 0.3 至 1.2。睡眠质量差与视空间工作记忆无关。
在人群水平上，学龄早期儿童的睡眠质量差与言语工作记忆能力下降有关，而后者是学业困难的重要预测因素。
