Hartwig S, Wellmann R, Emmerling R, Hamann H, Bennewitz J
Institute of Animal Husbandry and Breeding, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
Bavarian State Research Centre for Agriculture, Institute for Animal Breeding, Prof.-Dürrwaechter-Platz 1, 85586 Poing, Germany.
J Dairy Sci. 2015 Mar;98(3):2033-8. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8571. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
The subject of the present study was to analyze the influence of genetic introgression on milk yield performance of the German local Vorderwald and Hinterwald cattle breeds. Deviations of milk yield, fat yield, and protein yield of cows as well as pedigree information were analyzed. A sire model was used to estimate genetic trend and effects of the migrant breeds. Migrant contributions to Vorderwald cattle were high and have been rising even in the recent past. The effects of these breeds on milk yield performance were positive. Montbéliarde cattle not only had the largest effect on milk production of Vorderwald cattle but also the highest genetic contribution to this breed. Genetic introgression with Montbéliarde continued until recently. This suggests that introgression of high-yielding breeds is still a preferred method for genetic improvement of local breeds, even though it diminishes their value for conservation. Hence, the current population management has too little focus on the preservation of genetic uniqueness. In comparison, migrant breed contributions to the Hinterwald cattle, a breed with a unique phenotype and an own niche, were moderate and almost constant over the time. For the Hinterwald cattle, no significant effect of migrant breeds could be detected, which suggests that population management has different priorities in different endangered breeds. We conclude that not only the registration of animals from local breeds but also the breeding programs themselves should be supported and need to be controlled.
本研究的主题是分析基因渗入对德国本地Vorderwald和Hinterwald牛品种产奶性能的影响。分析了奶牛的产奶量、脂肪产量和蛋白质产量的偏差以及系谱信息。使用父系模型来估计遗传趋势和外来品种的影响。外来品种对Vorderwald牛的贡献很高，即使在最近也一直在增加。这些品种对产奶性能的影响是积极的。蒙贝利亚尔牛不仅对Vorderwald牛的产奶量影响最大，而且对该品种的遗传贡献也最高。与蒙贝利亚尔牛的基因渗入一直持续到最近。这表明，高产品种的基因渗入仍然是本地品种遗传改良的首选方法，尽管这会降低它们的保护价值。因此，当前的种群管理对遗传独特性的保护关注太少。相比之下，外来品种对Hinterwald牛（一种具有独特表型和自身生态位的品种）的贡献适中，并且在一段时间内几乎保持不变。对于Hinterwald牛，未检测到外来品种的显著影响，这表明种群管理在不同的濒危品种中有不同的优先事项。我们得出结论，不仅应该支持本地品种动物的登记，而且育种计划本身也应该得到支持并需要加以控制。
