Alessandri B, Bättig K, Welzl H
Department of Behavioral Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich.
Behav Neural Biol. 1989 Sep;52(2):194-212. doi: 10.1016/s0163-1047(89)90313-0.
The NMDA receptor, which has been implicated in memory formation, is noncompetitively blocked by ketamine. The present study examines the effect of ketamine (0, 3, 6, 12, and 25 mg/kg body wt; ip) on tunnel maze and water maze performance in Wistar rats. In the hexagonal tunnel maze (HTM) high doses of ketamine (12 and 25 mg/kg) decreased locomotor activity. Moreover, ketamine induced perimeter walking (6, 12, and 25 mg/kg) and attenuated exploratory efficiency (25 mg/kg). When the HTM was converted into a modified six-arm radial maze, ketamine impaired short-term but not long-term memory. In the Morris water maze, rats injected with ketamine (12 and 25 mg/kg) acquired a spatial navigation task more slowly than controls. When the escape platform was removed, the drug-treated rats did not preferentially search for it in the area where the platform had been during the acquisition phase. However, when the escape platform was visible, no differences in the performance of ketamine-treated and control rats could be found. In summary, ketamine seems to attenuate some but not all forms of learning in the tunnel maze and it impairs the acquisition of a spatial navigation task.
与记忆形成有关的N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体可被氯胺酮非竞争性阻断。本研究检测了氯胺酮（0、3、6、12和25毫克/千克体重；腹腔注射）对Wistar大鼠在隧道迷宫和水迷宫实验中表现的影响。在六角形隧道迷宫（HTM）实验中，高剂量氯胺酮（12和25毫克/千克）降低了运动活性。此外，氯胺酮诱导大鼠沿周边行走（6、12和25毫克/千克）并降低了探索效率（25毫克/千克）。当将HTM转换为改良的六臂放射状迷宫时，氯胺酮损害了短期记忆而非长期记忆。在莫里斯水迷宫实验中，注射氯胺酮（12和25毫克/千克）的大鼠比对照组大鼠获取空间导航任务的速度更慢。当移除逃生平台后，经药物处理的大鼠不会优先在获取阶段平台所在区域寻找它。然而，当逃生平台可见时，未发现氯胺酮处理组大鼠和对照组大鼠在表现上存在差异。总之，氯胺酮似乎会减弱隧道迷宫中某些但并非所有形式的学习，并损害空间导航任务的获取。
