IEEE Trans Cybern. 2015 Oct;45(10):2323-35. doi: 10.1109/TCYB.2014.2371232. Epub 2014 Dec 18.
On one hand, due to the energy and bandwidth constraint of underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs), local data quantization/compression is not only a necessity, but also an integral part of the design of UWSNs; on the other hand, since underwater nodes provide measurements for target tracking based on UWSNs, node topology, which is made up of the underwater nodes, may affect the performance of target tracking. This paper studies the effect of node topology on the target tracking in UWSNs using quantized measurements. Firstly, by using the knowledge of geometry, the effects of four typical topologies on target tracking using quantized measurements are analyzed qualitatively. The four typical topologies include two nodes are close to each other, three nodes are close to each other, three nodes are co-linear, and three nodes form a regular triangle. Secondly, under the condition of quantized measurements, the relationship between the posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound (PCRLB) and node's position is derived to evaluate the arbitrary topology. Thirdly, our target tracking scheme consisting of the optimal topology selection scheme by minimizing PCRLB, the optimal fusion center selection scheme by minimizing energy consumption, and the multisensor particle filter with quantized measurements is designed. Last, simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
一方面，由于水下无线传感器网络 (UWSNs) 的能量和带宽限制，本地数据量化/压缩不仅是必要的，而且是 UWSNs 设计的一个组成部分；另一方面，由于水下节点基于 UWSNs 为目标跟踪提供测量，由水下节点组成的节点拓扑可能会影响目标跟踪的性能。本文使用量化测量研究了节点拓扑对 UWSNs 中目标跟踪的影响。首先，通过使用几何知识，定性地分析了四种典型拓扑结构对使用量化测量进行目标跟踪的影响。这四种典型拓扑结构包括两个节点彼此靠近、三个节点彼此靠近、三个节点共线和三个节点形成等边三角形。其次，在量化测量的条件下，推导出了后验克拉美罗下界 (PCRLB) 与节点位置之间的关系，以评估任意拓扑结构。第三，设计了由最小化 PCRLB 的最优拓扑选择方案、最小化能耗的最优融合中心选择方案以及具有量化测量的多传感器粒子滤波器组成的目标跟踪方案。最后，仿真结果表明了所提出方案的有效性。
