Verga Marie-Elise, Widmeier-Pasche Véronique, Beck-Popovic Maja, Pauchard Jean-Yves, Gehri Mario
Department of Paediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital, Site Hôpital de l'Enfance, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Private practice, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
Swiss Med Wkly. 2014 Dec 23;144:w14065. doi: 10.4414/smw.2014.14065. eCollection 2014.
Iron deficiency with or without anaemia is the most common deficiency in the world. Its prevalence is higher in developing countries and in low socioeconomic populations. We aimed at determining and comparing the prevalence of iron deficiency in an immigrant and non-immigrant population.
Every child scheduled for a routine check-up at 12 months of age was allowed to participate in the study. Haemoglobin, ferritin, anthropometric data, familial and nutritional status were measured.
586 infants were eligible and 463 were included in the study as they had assessment data at 12 months. Children were divided into two groups: immigrants' children and non-immigrants' children. The global prevalence of iron deficiency was 5.7% at 12 months. A significant difference for iron deficiency was noticed between the groups at 12 months (p = 0.01). Among risk factors, immigration (odds ratio 2.91; 95% CI 1.05-8.04) and unemployment (odds ratio 6.08; 95% CI 1.18-31.30) had the higher odds in the multivariable analysis.
The prevalence of iron deficiency in the immigrant population is higher than in non-immigrants. Immigration and the category of employment are risk factors for iron deficiency, as starting baby cereals before 9 months is a protective factor. Good socioeconomic conditions in Switzerland, the quality of food for pregnant women and young infants may be the explanation. A study up to five years of age is necessary before drawing general conclusions on infancy.
缺铁伴或不伴贫血是全球最常见的营养素缺乏症。其在发展中国家和社会经济地位较低的人群中患病率更高。我们旨在确定并比较移民和非移民人群中铁缺乏症的患病率。
每一个计划在12个月龄时进行常规体检的儿童均可参与本研究。测量了血红蛋白、铁蛋白、人体测量数据、家庭和营养状况。
586名婴儿符合条件，其中463名因在12个月时有评估数据而被纳入研究。儿童被分为两组：移民儿童和非移民儿童。12个月时铁缺乏症的总体患病率为5.7%。两组在12个月时铁缺乏症存在显著差异（p = 0.01）。在多变量分析中，移民（优势比2.91；95%可信区间1.05 - 8.04）和失业（优势比6.08；95%可信区间1.18 - 31.30）的优势更高。
移民人群中铁缺乏症的患病率高于非移民人群。移民和就业类别是铁缺乏症的危险因素，而在9个月前开始食用婴儿谷物是一个保护因素。瑞士良好的社会经济条件、孕妇和幼儿的食物质量可能是原因所在。在对婴儿期得出一般性结论之前，有必要进行一项长达五岁的研究。
