Liu Jin, Chen Feng
Institute for Food and Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2016;153:1-35. doi: 10.1007/10_2014_286.
Chlorella represents a group of eukaryotic green microalgae that has been receiving increasing scientific and commercial interest. It possesses high photosynthetic ability and is capable of growing robustly under mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions as well. Chlorella has long been considered as a source of protein and is now industrially produced for human food and animal feed. Chlorella is also rich in oil, an ideal feedstock for biofuels. The exploration of biofuel production by Chlorella is underway. Chlorella has the ability to fix carbon dioxide efficiently and to remove nutrients of nitrogen and phosphorous, making it a good candidate for greenhouse gas biomitigation and wastewater bioremediation. In addition, Chlorella shows potential as an alternative expression host for recombinant protein production, though challenges remain to be addressed. Currently, omics analyses of certain Chlorella strains are being performed, which will help to unravel the biological implications of Chlorella and facilitate the future exploration of industrial applications.
小球藻是一类真核绿色微藻，正受到越来越多的科研和商业关注。它具有很高的光合能力，在混合营养和异养条件下也能茁壮生长。长期以来，小球藻一直被视为蛋白质来源，目前已在工业上用于生产人类食品和动物饲料。小球藻还富含油脂，是生物燃料的理想原料。利用小球藻生产生物燃料的探索正在进行中。小球藻具有高效固定二氧化碳以及去除氮和磷养分的能力，使其成为温室气体生物减排和废水生物修复的良好候选者。此外，尽管仍有挑战有待解决，但小球藻作为重组蛋白生产的替代表达宿主具有潜力。目前，正在对某些小球藻菌株进行组学分析，这将有助于揭示小球藻的生物学意义，并促进未来工业应用的探索。
