Bhalla Tarun, Shepherd Ed, Tobias Joseph D
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, U.S ; Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.
Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, U.S ; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.
Saudi J Anaesth. 2014 Nov;8(Suppl 1):S89-97. doi: 10.4103/1658-354X.144085.
The past 2-3 decades have seen dramatic changes in the approach to pain management in the neonate. These practices started with refuting previously held misconceptions regarding nociception in preterm infants. Although neonates were initially thought to have limited response to painful stimuli, it was demonstrated that the developmental immaturity of the central nervous system makes the neonate more likely to feel pain. It was further demonstrated that untreated pain can have long-lasting physiologic and neurodevelopmental consequences. These concerns have resulted in a significant emphasis on improving and optimizing the techniques of analgesia for neonates and infants. The following article will review techniques for pain assessment, prevention, and treatment in this population with a specific focus on acute pain related to medical and surgical conditions.
在过去的二三十年里，新生儿疼痛管理的方法发生了巨大变化。这些做法始于驳斥先前关于早产儿痛觉感受的误解。尽管新生儿最初被认为对疼痛刺激的反应有限，但事实证明，中枢神经系统的发育不成熟使新生儿更容易感到疼痛。进一步的研究表明，未经治疗的疼痛会产生长期的生理和神经发育后果。这些担忧导致人们高度重视改进和优化新生儿和婴儿的镇痛技术。以下文章将回顾该人群疼痛评估、预防和治疗的技术，特别关注与医疗和手术状况相关的急性疼痛。
