Yahya Shaymaa M M, Elsayed Ghada H
Hormones Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
Hormones Department, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
Clin Biochem. 2015 Apr;48(6):388-96. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.12.013. Epub 2014 Dec 23.
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are naturally-occurring, non-coding small RNA molecules that can modulate protein coding-genes, which makes it contributing to nearly all the physiological and pathological processes. Progression of breast cancer and resistance to endocrine therapies have been attributed to the possibility of hormone-responsive miRNAs involved in the regulation of certain signaling pathways.
This review introduces better understanding of miRNAs to provide promising advances for treatment. miRNAs have multiple targets, and they were found to regulate different signaling pathways; consequently it is important to characterize their mechanisms of action and their cellular targets in order to introduce miRNAs as novel and promising therapies.
This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs in TGF-beta signaling, apoptosis, metastasis, cell cycle, ER-signaling, and drug resistance.
Finally, miRNAs will be introduced as promising molecules to be used in the fight against breast cancer and its developed drug resistance.
乳腺癌是全球女性中最常被诊断出的癌症，也是癌症相关死亡的主要原因。微小RNA（miRNA）是天然存在的非编码小RNA分子，可调节蛋白质编码基因，这使其几乎参与所有生理和病理过程。乳腺癌的进展以及对内分泌治疗的耐药性被认为与激素反应性miRNA参与某些信号通路的调节有关。
本综述旨在增进对miRNA的理解，为治疗提供有前景的进展。miRNA有多个靶点，且发现它们可调节不同的信号通路；因此，为了将miRNA作为新颖且有前景的疗法引入，表征其作用机制和细胞靶点很重要。
本综述总结了miRNA在转化生长因子-β信号传导、细胞凋亡、转移、细胞周期、雌激素受体信号传导和耐药性方面的分子机制。
最后，miRNA将作为有前景的分子被引入，用于对抗乳腺癌及其产生的耐药性。
