Lenetsky Seth, Nates Roy J, Brughelli Matt, Harris Nigel K
Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 0627, New Zealand.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 0627, New Zealand.
Hum Mov Sci. 2015 Apr;40:89-97. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2014.11.016. Epub 2014 Dec 26.
The segmental and muscular complexity of the human body can result in challenges when examining the kinetics of impacts. To better understand this complexity, combat sports literature has selected effective mass as a measure of an athlete's inertial contribution to the momentum transfer during the impact of strikes. This measure helps to clarify the analysis of striking kinetics in combat sports. This paper will review: (1) effective mass as a concept and its usage as a measure of impact intensity in combat sports, (2) the neuromuscular pattern known as "double peak muscle activation" which has been theorized to help enhance initial hand velocity upon impact and joint stiffening during impact, (3) the methods and equations used to calculate effective mass, and (4) practitioner recommendations based on the literature. We will argue in this manuscript that the act of punching presents unique challenges to the current understanding of effective mass due to additional force application during impact. This review will improve the understanding of effective mass and its roles in effective striking serving to underpin future research into performance enhancement in striking based combat sports.
人体的节段性和肌肉复杂性在研究撞击动力学时可能会带来挑战。为了更好地理解这种复杂性，格斗运动文献选择有效质量作为衡量运动员在打击撞击过程中对动量传递的惯性贡献的指标。这一指标有助于阐明格斗运动中打击动力学的分析。本文将回顾：（1）有效质量作为一个概念及其在格斗运动中作为撞击强度衡量指标的用途，（2）被理论化为有助于提高撞击时手部初始速度和撞击时关节僵硬程度的“双峰肌肉激活”神经肌肉模式，（3）用于计算有效质量的方法和方程，以及（4）基于文献的从业者建议。我们将在本手稿中指出，由于撞击过程中额外的力的施加，拳击动作对当前对有效质量的理解提出了独特的挑战。这篇综述将增进对有效质量及其在有效打击中的作用的理解，为未来基于打击的格斗运动中提高表现的研究奠定基础。
