Grismer L Lee, Wood Perry L, Anuar Shahrul, Riyanto Awal, Ahmad Norhayati, Muin Mohd A, Sumontha Montri, Grismer Jesse L, Onn Chan Kin, Quah Evan S H, Pauwels Olivier S A
Department of Biology, La Sierra University, Riverside, California, USA; Email:
Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 150 East Bulldog Boulevard, Provo, Utah 84602 USA; Email:
Zootaxa. 2014 Oct 31;3880:1-147. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3880.1.1.
A well-supported and well-resolved phylogeny based on a concatenated data set from one mitochondrial and two nuclear genes, six morphological characters, and nine color pattern characters for 44 of the 50 species of the Southeast Asian Rock Geckos (genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887) is consistent with the previous taxonomy of Cnemaspis based solely on morphology and color pattern. Cnemaspis is partitioned into four major clades that collectively contain six species groups. The monophyly of all clades and species groups is strongly supported and they are parapatrically distributed across well-established, biogeographical regions ranging from southern Vietnam westward through southern Indochina, southward through the Thai-Malay Peninsula, then eastward to Borneo. Eight new species (Cnemaspis omari sp. nov. from the Thai-Malaysian border; C. temiah sp. nov. from Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia; C. stongensis sp. nov. from Gunung Stong, Kelantan, Malaysia; C. hangus sp. nov. from Bukit Hangus, Pahang, Malaysia; C. sundagekko sp. nov. from Pulau Siantan, Indonesia; C. peninsularis sp. nov. from southern Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore, and C. mumpuniae sp. nov. and C. sundainsula sp. nov. from Pulau Natuna Besar, Indonesia) are described based on morphology and color pattern and all but C. sundagekko sp. nov. are included in the phylogenetic analyses. Cnemaspis kendallii is polyphyletic and a composite of six species. An updated taxonomy consistent with the phylogeny is proposed for all 50 species and is based on 25 morphological and 53 color pattern characters scored across 594 specimens. Cladogenetic events and biogeographical relationships within Cnemaspis were likely influenced by this group's low vagility and the cyclical patterns of geographical and environmental changes in Sundaland over the last 25 million years and especially within the last 2.5 million years. The phylogeny indicates that nocturnality, diurnality, substrate preferences, and the presence of ocelli in the shoulder regions have evolved independently multiple times.
基于一个由一个线粒体基因和两个核基因、六个形态特征以及九个色斑特征串联而成的数据集，对东南亚岩蜥属（Cnemaspis Strauch，1887）50个物种中的44个物种构建了一个支持充分且解析良好的系统发育树，该系统发育树与之前仅基于形态和色斑的Cnemaspis分类法一致。Cnemaspis被划分为四个主要分支，它们共同包含六个物种组。所有分支和物种组的单系性得到了有力支持，它们在地理上相邻分布于既定的生物地理区域，范围从越南北部向西穿过中南半岛南部，向南穿过泰国 - 马来西亚半岛，然后向东至婆罗洲。描述了八个新物种（来自泰国 - 马来西亚边境的奥马里氏岩蜥新种Cnemaspis omari sp. nov.；来自马来西亚彭亨州金马仑高原的特米亚氏岩蜥新种C. temiah sp. nov.；来自马来西亚吉兰丹州通山的斯通氏岩蜥新种C. stongensis sp. nov.；来自马来西亚彭亨州武吉杭古斯的杭古斯氏岩蜥新种C. hangus sp. nov.；来自印度尼西亚锡安坦岛的桑达壁虎新种C. sundagekko sp. nov.；来自马来西亚半岛南部和新加坡的半岛岩蜥新种C. peninsularis sp. nov.；以及来自印度尼西亚纳土纳大岛的蒙普尼亚氏岩蜥新种C. mumpuniae sp. nov.和桑达岛岩蜥新种C. sundainsula sp. nov.），基于形态和色斑特征，除桑达壁虎新种C. sundagekko sp. nov.外，所有新物种都纳入了系统发育分析。肯德尔氏岩蜥Cnemaspis kendallii是多系的，由六个物种组成。针对所有50个物种提出了一个与系统发育一致的更新分类法，该分类法基于对594个标本的25个形态特征和53个色斑特征进行评分。Cnemaspis内部的分支形成事件和生物地理关系可能受到该类群低扩散能力以及过去2500万年特别是过去250万年巽他大陆地理和环境变化的周期性模式的影响。系统发育树表明，夜行性、日行性、底物偏好以及肩部区域眼斑的存在已经多次独立进化。
