Brotto Lori A, Yule Morag A, Gorzalka Boris B
Department of Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
J Sex Med. 2015 Mar;12(3):646-60. doi: 10.1111/jsm.12806. Epub 2014 Dec 24.
Human asexuality is defined as a lack of sexual attraction to anyone or anything. Various theories have been proposed to explain how asexuality should best be classified, and some have maintained that asexuality is an extreme variant of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD)-a sexual dysfunction characterized by a lack of interest in sex and significant distress. To date, this has never been empirically examined.
Using measures of sexual desire and behavior, sex-related distress, personality, and psychopathology, the aim of the current study was to compare individuals scoring above the cutoff for asexuality identification (AIS >40) (n = 192) to sexual individuals (n = 231). The sexual group was further divided into a control group (n = 122), a HSDD group (n = 50), and a group with symptoms of low desire that were nondistressing (n = 59).
Analyses were controlled for age. Individuals in the AIS >40 group had a greater likelihood of never previously engaging in sexual intercourse, fantasies, or kissing and petting than all other groups and a lower likelihood of experiencing sex-related distress than those with HSDD. For women, those in the HSDD and AIS >40 groups had significantly lower desire than the subclinical HSDD and control groups. Men in the AIS >40 group had significantly lower desire than the other three groups. Symptoms of depression were highest among those with subclinical HSDD and HSDD, whereas there were no group differences on alexithymia or desirable responding. A binary logistic regression indicated that relationship status (long-term dating/married), sexual desire, sex-related distress, and lower alexithymia scores were the best predictors of group membership (HSDD vs. AIS >40).
Taken together, these results challenge the speculation that asexuality should be classified as a sexual dysfunction of low desire.
人类无性恋被定义为对任何人或任何事物都缺乏性吸引力。人们提出了各种理论来解释无性恋应如何进行最佳分类，有些人认为无性恋是性欲减退障碍（HSDD）的一种极端变体——一种以对性缺乏兴趣和显著痛苦为特征的性功能障碍。迄今为止，这从未得到实证检验。
本研究旨在通过使用性欲和行为、与性相关的痛苦、人格及精神病理学的测量方法，将无性恋识别得分高于临界值（AIS>40）的个体（n = 192）与有性经历的个体（n = 231）进行比较。有性经历的组进一步分为对照组（n = 122）、HSDD组（n = 50）和性欲低但无痛苦症状的组（n = 59）。
分析对年龄进行了控制。AIS>40组的个体比所有其他组更有可能从未有过性交、性幻想或亲吻和抚摸行为，并且与HSDD患者相比，经历与性相关痛苦的可能性更低。对于女性，HSDD组和AIS>40组的性欲明显低于亚临床HSDD组和对照组。AIS>40组的男性性欲明显低于其他三组。亚临床HSDD组和HSDD组的抑郁症状最为严重，而在述情障碍或期望反应方面没有组间差异。二元逻辑回归表明，恋爱状况（长期约会/已婚）、性欲、与性相关的痛苦以及较低的述情障碍得分是组成员身份（HSDD与AIS>40）的最佳预测因素。
综上所述，这些结果挑战了无性恋应被归类为低欲望性功能障碍的推测。
