Enebakk Vidar
Br J Hist Sci. 2014 Dec;47(175 Pt 4):587-608. doi: 10.1017/s0007087413000903.
In the early nineteenth century, Norwegian mathematician and astronomer Christopher Hansteen (1784-1873) contributed significantly to international collaboration in the study of terrestrial magnetism. In particular, Hansteen was influential in the origin and orientation of the magnetic lobby in Britain, a campaign which resulted in a global network of fixed geomagnetic observatories. In retrospect, however, his contribution was diminished, because his four-pole theory in Untersuchungen der Magnetismus der Erde (1819) was ultimately refuted by Carl Friedrich Gauss in Allgemeine Theorie des Erdmagnetismus (1839). Yet Hansteen's main contribution was practical rather than theoretical. His major impact was related to the circulation of his instruments and techniques. From the mid-1820s, 'Hansteen's magnetometer' was distributed all over the British Isles and throughout the international scientific community devoted to studying terrestrial magnetism. Thus in the decades before the magnetic crusade, Hansteen had established an international system of observation, standardization and representation based on measurements with his small and portable magnetometers.
19世纪初，挪威数学家兼天文学家克里斯托弗·汉steen（1784 - 1873）对地球磁学研究的国际合作做出了重大贡献。特别是，汉steen对英国磁学游说活动的发起和方向产生了影响，这场运动促成了一个全球固定地磁观测站网络。然而，回顾起来，他的贡献被削弱了，因为他在《地球磁学研究》（1819年）中的四极理论最终被卡尔·弗里德里希·高斯在《地球磁学通论》（1839年）中驳斥。不过，汉steen的主要贡献是实践性的而非理论性的。他的主要影响与他的仪器和技术的传播有关。从19世纪20年代中期开始，“汉steen磁力计”在整个不列颠群岛以及致力于研究地球磁学的国际科学界广泛传播。因此，在磁学运动之前的几十年里，汉steen基于他的小型便携式磁力计测量建立了一个国际观测、标准化和表示系统。
