Prandini A, Sigolo S, Giuberti G, Moschini M, Marchetto G, Della Casa G
J Anim Sci. 2015 Feb;93(2):598-605. doi: 10.2527/jas.2013-7347.
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of diets based on hulled or hulless (normal- and low-amylose) barley varieties on growth performance and carcass characteristics in heavy growing-finishing pigs for the production of protected designation of origin (PDO) Italian products. The study was performed with 40 gilts and 40 barrows (Italian Duroc × Italian Large White). Four diets were formulated: 1) corn-based diet (control), 2) control diet with 80% of a normal-amylose hulled barley variety named Cometa (Cometa), 3) control diet with 80% of a normal-amylose hulless barley variety named Astartis (Astartis), and 4) control diet with 80% of a low-amylose hulless barley variety named Alamo (Alamo). The diets were formulated according to 3 growth phases (P1, 40 to 80 kg BW; P2, 80 to 120 kg BW; and P3, 120 to 170 kg BW), with the same Lys:DE ratio (2.60, 2.20, and 1.80, respectively in P1, P2, and P3) according to the NRC requirements for P1 and P2 and according to requirements for high-performing pigs for P3. The diets were analyzed for their in vitro starch digestion potentials (predicted glycemic index, pGI) and for their resistant starch (RS) contents. In P1, P2, and P3, the Alamo diet had the numerically lowest RS contents and greatest pGI values, whereas the control diet had the numerically greatest RS contents and the lowest pGI values. Throughout the study, the pigs fed Cometa and Alamo diets grew faster (P < 0.01) than those fed the control diet, whereas pigs receiving Astartis diet grew in a similar manner to those receiving all the other diets. Pigs fed Cometa and Alamo achieved greater final BW (P < 0.01) compared with those fed the control diet. The pigs receiving the Astartis diet had a mean final BW similar to that of the pigs fed other diets. Throughout the study, the control group had a lower grams per megacalorie DE (P < 0.01) compared with the pigs fed diets with barley, whereas the gain per megacalorie of DE (G/Mcal DE) was greater (P < 0.01) for the pigs fed hulled barley compared with the pig fed hulless barleys. No difference in carcass characteristics was found among treatments (P > 0.05). This study showed that diets based both on hulled and hulless barley might be suitable for the heavy pig breeding intended to the production of Italian PDO products. In addition, hulled or low-amylose hulless barley could be valuable to support maximum pig growth performance without affecting carcass composition.
开展了一项研究，以评估基于带壳或不带壳（普通直链淀粉和低直链淀粉）大麦品种的日粮对重型生长育肥猪生长性能和胴体特性的影响，这些猪用于生产受保护的意大利原产地名称（PDO）产品。该研究使用了40头后备母猪和40头阉公猪（意大利杜洛克×意大利大白猪）。配制了四种日粮：1）玉米基础日粮（对照），2）含有80%名为科梅塔（Cometa）的普通直链淀粉带壳大麦品种的对照日粮，3）含有80%名为阿斯蒂里斯（Astartis）的普通直链淀粉不带壳大麦品种的对照日粮，4）含有80%名为阿拉莫（Alamo）的低直链淀粉不带壳大麦品种的对照日粮。日粮根据三个生长阶段（P1，体重40至80千克；P2，体重80至120千克；P3，体重120至170千克）进行配制，根据美国国家研究委员会（NRC）对P1和P2的要求以及对高性能猪P3的要求，具有相同的赖氨酸:消化能比例（分别在P1、P2和P3中为2.60、2.2和1.80）。分析了日粮的体外淀粉消化潜力（预测血糖指数，pGI）及其抗性淀粉（RS）含量。在P1、P2和P3阶段，阿拉莫日粮的RS含量在数值上最低，pGI值最高，而对照日粮的RS含量在数值上最高，pGI值最低。在整个研究过程中，饲喂科梅塔和阿拉莫日粮的猪生长速度比饲喂对照日粮的猪快（P<0.01），而接受阿斯蒂里斯日粮的猪生长方式与接受所有其他日粮的猪相似。与饲喂对照日粮的猪相比，饲喂科梅塔和阿拉莫日粮的猪最终体重更大（P<0.01）。接受阿斯蒂里斯日粮的猪的平均最终体重与饲喂其他日粮的猪相似。在整个研究过程中，与饲喂含大麦日粮的猪相比，对照组每兆卡消化能的克数更低（P<0.01），而与饲喂不带壳大麦的猪相比，饲喂带壳大麦的猪每兆卡消化能的增重更大（P<0.01）。各处理间胴体特性无差异（P>0.05）。本研究表明，基于带壳和不带壳大麦的日粮可能适用于旨在生产意大利PDO产品的重型猪养殖。此外，带壳或低直链淀粉不带壳大麦对于支持猪的最大生长性能而不影响胴体组成可能很有价值。
