Electrical properties of polypropylene-based composites controlled by multilayered distribution of conductive particles.

Materials consisting of alternating layers of pure polypropylene (PP) and carbon black filled polypropylene (PPCB) were fabricated in this work. The electrical behaviors of the multilayered composites were investigated from two directions: (1) Parallel to interfaces. The confined layer space allowed for a more compact connection between CB particles, while the conductive pathways tended to be broken up with increasing number of layers leading to a distinct enhancement of the electrical resistivity due to the separation of insulated PP layers. (2) Vertical to interfaces. The alternating assemblies of insulated and conductive layers like a parallel-plate capacitor made the electrical conductivity become frequency dependent. Following the layer multiplication process, the dielectric permittivity was significantly enhanced due to the accumulation of electrical charges at interfaces. Thus, as a microwave was incident on the dielectric medium, the interfacial polarization made the main contribution to inherent dissipation of microwave energy, so that the absorbing peak became strengthened when the material had more layers. Furthermore, the layer interfaces in the multilayered system were also effective to inhibit the propagation of cracks in the stretching process, leading to a larger elongation at the break than that of the PP/CB conventional system, which provided a potential route to fabricate electrical materials with optimal mechanical properties.